Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Cardiol. Nov 26, 2022; 14(11): 599-616
Published online Nov 26, 2022. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i11.599
Potential for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abdulbaril Olagunju, Naser Yamani, Dorothy Kenny, Martina Mookadam, Farouk Mookadam, Samuel Unzek
Abdulbaril Olagunju, Dorothy Kenny, Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
Naser Yamani, Farouk Mookadam, Samuel Unzek, Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
Martina Mookadam, Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85260, United States
Author contributions: Olagunju A, Mookadam M and Mookadam F designed the research; Olagunju A, Kenny D, Yamani N performed the research; Olagunju A, Kenny D, Yamani N, Mookadam M, Mookadam F and Unzek S analysed the data; Olagunju A, Kenny D, Yamani N and Mookadam F wrote the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Abdulbaril Olagunju, MD, Doctor, Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States. ab.dapoola@gmail.com
Received: July 3, 2022
Peer-review started: July 3, 2022
First decision: August 22, 2022
Revised: September 17, 2022
Accepted: October 27, 2022
Article in press: October 27, 2022
Published online: November 26, 2022
Processing time: 144 Days and 1.4 Hours
ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Research background

According to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, metabolic syndrome is defined by the presence of three of five of the following: (1) Waist circumference (WC) ≥ 102 cm in men and ≥ 88 cm in females; (2) Serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or on drug treatment for hypertriglyceridemia; (3) Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dL in males and < 50 mg/dL; (4) Blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130/85 mmHg or on drug treatment for hypertension; and (5) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 100 mg/dL or on drug treatment for elevated blood glucose.

Research motivation

The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), its association with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the need to complement the therapeutic effect of lifestyle modification were the reasons behind conducting this study.

Research objectives

To evaluate the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-Is) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) using data derived from randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

Research methods

A search of Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane central from inception to December 9, 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have evaluated the impact of SGLT2-Is on CVD and its risk factors, as well as reported pre/post treatment values of MetS components.

Research results

SGLT2-Is resulted in a decrease in FPG, systolic BP and WC.

Research conclusions

Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of SGLT2-Is as the first-line phamacotherapy in the management of MetS.

Research perspectives

This meta-analysis has highlighted the impact of SGLT2-Is on MetS using data from RCTs that have evaluated the impact of SGLT2-Is on CVD and its risk factors, as well as reported pre/post treatment values of MetS components. In an attempt to improve the management of MetS, we hope this study will be a precursor for future prospective studies that will establish the use of SGLT2-Is in the treatment of MetS.