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World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2014; 6(8): 755-763
Published online Aug 26, 2014. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i8.755
Genetics of coronary heart disease with reference to ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene region
Suraksha Agrawal, Sarabjit Mastana
Suraksha Agrawal, Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow UP 226014, India
Sarabjit Mastana, Human Genomics Lab, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Agrawal S and Mastana S wrote the initial draft and were involved in editing and collation of tables and figures.
Correspondence to: Sarabjit Mastana, PhD, Human Genomics Lab, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom. s.s.mastana@lboro.ac.uk
Telephone: +44-1509-223041 Fax: +44-1509-226301
Received: March 2, 2014
Revised: June 9, 2014
Accepted: June 20, 2014
Published online: August 26, 2014
Processing time: 199 Days and 11.7 Hours
Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are affected by multiple factors like genetic as well as environmental hence they reveal factorial nature. The evidences that genetic factors are susceptible for developing cardiovascular diseases come from twin studies and familial aggregation. Different ethnic populations reveal differences in the prevalence coronary artery disease (CAD) pointing towards the genetic susceptibility. With progression in molecular techniques different developments have been made to comprehend the disease physiology. Molecular markers have also assisted to recognize genes that may provide evidences to evaluate the role of genetic factors in causation of susceptibility towards CAD. Numerous studies suggest the contribution of specific “candidate genes”, which correlate with various roles/pathways that are involved in the coronary heart disease. Different studies have revealed that there are large numbers of genes which are involved towards the predisposition of CAD. However, these reports are not consistent. One of the reasons could be weak contribution of genetic susceptibility of these genes. Genome wide associations show different chromosomal locations which dock, earlier unknown, genes which may attribute to CAD. In the present review different ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene clusters have been discussed.

Keywords: ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster, Haplotype analysis, Single nucleotide polymorphism, Candidate gene study, Genome wide association studies

Core tip: Cardiovascular disease analysis requires holistic approach using genomic, epigenomic and exposomic techniques to improve the quality of life of patients and contribution towards personalised medicine.