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World J Cardiol. Jul 26, 2014; 6(7): 630-637
Published online Jul 26, 2014. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i7.630
Significance of lead aVR in acute coronary syndrome
Akira Tamura
Akira Tamura, Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
Author contributions: Tamura A wrote this topic highlight.
Correspondence to: Akira Tamura, Associated Professor, Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Oita University, Idaigaoka -1, Hasama-machi, Yufu 879-5593, Japan. akira@oita-u.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-97-5865804 Fax: +81-97-5494245
Received: December 24, 2013
Revised: February 17, 2014
Accepted: May 16, 2014
Published online: July 26, 2014
Processing time: 239 Days and 11.1 Hours
Abstract

The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a crucial tool in the diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Unlike other 11 leads, lead aVR has been long neglected until recent years. However, recent investigations have shown that an analysis of ST-segment shift in lead aVR provides useful information on the coronary angiographic anatomy and risk stratification in ACS. ST-segment elevation in lead aVR can be caused by (1) transmural ischemia in the basal part of the interventricular septum caused by impaired coronary blood flow of the first major branch originating from the left anterior descending coronary artery; (2) transmural ischemia in the right ventricular outflow tract caused by impaired coronary blood flow of the large conal branch originating from the right coronary artery; and (3) reciprocal changes opposite to ischemic or non-ischemic ST-segment depression in the lateral limb and precordial leads. On the other hand, ST-segment depression in lead aVR can be caused by transmural ischemia in the inferolateral and apical regions. It has been recently shown that an analysis of T wave in lead aVR also provides useful prognostic information in the general population and patients with prior myocardial infarction. Cardiologists should pay more attention to the tracing of lead aVR when interpreting the 12-lead ECG in clinical practice.

Keywords: Electrocardiography; Lead aVR; ST-segment; T wave; Acute coronary syndrome

Core tip: In this article, I will review current evidence on lead aVR in the field of acute coronary syndrome.