Review
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World J Cardiol. Oct 26, 2014; 6(10): 1080-1090
Published online Oct 26, 2014. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i10.1080
Non-interventional management of resistant hypertension
Michael Doumas, Costas Tsioufis, Charles Faselis, Antonios Lazaridis, Haris Grassos, Vasilios Papademetriou
Michael Doumas, Antonios Lazaridis, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
Costas Tsioufis, 1st Cardiology Department, Kapodestrian University, 11527 Athens, Greece
Charles Faselis, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, United States
Haris Grassos, Department of Cardiology, KAT Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece
Vasilios Papademetriou, Department of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20422, United States
Author contributions: Doumas M, Tsioufis C and Papademetriou V conceived the manuscript; all the authors drafted parts of the manuscript and revised the whole manuscript.
Correspondence to: Michael Doumas, MD, PhD, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, 49 Konstantinoupoleos Street, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece. michalisdoumas@yahoo.co.uk
Telephone: +30-2310-992836 Fax: +30-2310-992834
Received: December 28, 2013
Revised: April 12, 2014
Accepted: August 27, 2014
Published online: October 26, 2014
Processing time: 312 Days and 5.3 Hours
Abstract

Hypertension is one of the most popular fields of research in modern medicine due to its high prevalence and its major impact on cardiovascular risk and consequently on global health. Indeed, about one third of individuals worldwide has hypertension and is under increased long-term risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death. On the other hand, resistant hypertension, the “uncontrollable” part of arterial hypertension despite appropriate therapy, comprises a much greater menace since long-standing, high levels of blood pressure along with concomitant debilitating entities such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus create a prominent high cardiovascular risk milieu. However, despite the alarming consequences, resistant hypertension and its effective management still have not received proper scientific attention. Aspects like the exact prevalence and prognosis are yet to be clarified. In an effort to manage patients with resistant hypertension appropriately, clinical doctors are still racking their brains in order to find the best therapeutic algorithm and surmount the substantial difficulties in controlling this clinical entity. This review aims to shed light on the effective management of resistant hypertension and provide practical recommendations for clinicians dealing with such patients.

Keywords: Resistant hypertension; Antihypertensive drugs; Adherence; White coat hypertension; Secondary hypertension

Core tip: Patients with resistant hypertension are exposed to high cardiovascular risk and proper medical management continues to puzzle clinicians. The appropriate management of resistant hypertension is still elusive. This review provides practical recommendations for the management of resistant hypertension, aiming to help primary care physicians. It also highlights that the therapeutic scheme should always match the patient’s profile in terms of safety, tolerability and effectiveness.