Paiva L, Cachulo MC, Providencia R, Barra S, Dinis P, Leitao-Marques A. Overview of resistant hypertension: A glimpse of the cardiologist’s current standpoint. World J Cardiol 2012; 4(9): 275-283 [PMID: 23024839 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i9.275]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Luis Paiva, MD, Cardiology Department, Coimbra’s Hospital and University Centre, 3041-801 Coimbra, Portugal. luisvpaiva@hotmail.com
Article-Type of This Article
Review
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World J Cardiol. Sep 26, 2012; 4(9): 275-283 Published online Sep 26, 2012. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i9.275
Overview of resistant hypertension: A glimpse of the cardiologist’s current standpoint
Luis Paiva, Maria Carmo Cachulo, Rui Providencia, Sergio Barra, Paulo Dinis, Antonio Leitao-Marques
Luis Paiva, Maria Carmo Cachulo, Rui Providencia, Sergio Barra, Paulo Dinis, Antonio Leitao-Marques, Cardiology Department, Coimbra’s Hospital and University Centre, 3041-801 Coimbra, Portugal
Author contributions: Paiva L, Cachulo MC and Providencia R contributed equally to this work; Paiva L and Barra S wrote the first section of the paper; Cachulo MC and Dinis P wrote the second section of the paper (management and pharmacological therapy); Providencia R and Paiva L wrote the final part of the paper (device-based therapy); Leitao-Marques A performed the revision of the first manuscript version and provided suggestions for table elaboration; and all authors critically discussed and accepted the final version of the paper.
Correspondence to: Luis Paiva, MD, Cardiology Department, Coimbra’s Hospital and University Centre, 3041-801 Coimbra, Portugal. luisvpaiva@hotmail.com
Telephone: +351-239-800093 Fax: +351-239-445737
Received: July 21, 2012 Revised: August 21, 2012 Accepted: August 28, 2012 Published online: September 26, 2012
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, resulting in increased incidence of cerebrovascular events, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, and renal impairment. Thus, it is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality. Despite current knowledge on the management of hypertension and the availability of several effective antihypertensive medications, uncontrolled hypertension remains a common and challenging clinical problem. Resistant hypertension is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors and overlapping comorbidities. Although there is limited hard evidence regarding resistant hypertension, our understanding of this condition has improved recently. This article will present an overview of resistant hypertension and highlight recent publications about this topic.
