Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Cardiol. Jul 26, 2025; 17(7): 109787
Published online Jul 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i7.109787
Acute myocardial infarction with ventricular septal rupture: Clinical characteristics, prognosis factors, and treatment strategies
Jian Zu, Lu Cheng, Jing-Jing Lu, Hui Xu, Rong Zhang, Xue-Rui Ye, Qian Qiao, Li-Hong Zhang, Hao-Ling Zhang, Jing-Jing Zhang
Jian Zu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
Lu Cheng, Xue-Rui Ye, Qian Qiao, Li-Hong Zhang, Jing-Jing Zhang, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Yunnan Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
Jing-Jing Lu, Rong Zhang, School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
Hao-Ling Zhang, Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pinang 13200, Malaysia
Co-first authors: Jian Zu and Lu Cheng.
Co-corresponding authors: Hao-Ling Zhang and Jing-Jing Zhang.
Author contributions: Zu J and Zhang JJ were responsible for the conception and design of the paper. Zu J and Cheng L drafted the manuscript, contributing equally to the writing process. Cheng L was the co-first author. Ye XR, Qiao Q, Zhang LH, Xu H, Lu JJ and Zhang R were in charge of figure and table preparation. As co-corresponding authors, Zhang JJ and Zhang HL played pivotal and irreplaceable roles in both the conceptualization of the research and the manuscript preparation. Zhang JJ oversaw the overall project design, coordination, and supervision. She conducted literature searches and explored current clinical research priorities in acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture (AMI-VSR), while also drafting and revising early versions of the manuscript. Zhang HL led the figure creation, comprehensive literature review, and focused on therapeutic strategies for AMI-VSR, finalizing the current version of the paper for submission. The collaborative efforts of Zhang JJ and Zhang HL were instrumental in the publication of this paper and other manuscripts currently in preparation.
Supported by Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province - Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical Joint Special Project - Surface Project, China, No. 202401AY070001-164; and Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Science and Technology Plan Project—Major Science and Technology Special Projects, No. 202405AJ310003.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest in this study.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jing-Jing Zhang, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fuwai Yunnan Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, No. 88 East Kunming Road, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China. zhangjingjing1@kmmu.edu.cn
Received: May 21, 2025
Revised: June 2, 2025
Accepted: June 30, 2025
Published online: July 26, 2025
Processing time: 62 Days and 3.6 Hours
Abstract

This review comprehensively examines acute myocardial infarction with ventricular septal rupture (VSR), a rare yet lethal complication. We analyze its epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, emphasizing innovative strategies like bioabsorbable occluders and tissue engineering to reduce complications and improve prognosis. The integration of artificial intelligence and big data analytics for treatment decision-making and personalized surgical timing models is highlighted as transformative. Our analysis underscores the need for early diagnosis and tailored interventions, proposing future research directions in molecular mechanisms, multidisciplinary collaboration, and technology integration. These innovations promise to enhance VSR management and extend to other cardiovascular diseases, heralding a new era of precision and regenerative cardiovascular medicine.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction with ventricular septal rupture; Clinical characteristics; Prognostic factors; Surgical repair; Closure of ventricular septal defect through vascular or hybrid surgery; Mechanical cycle support

Core Tip: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture (AMI-VSR), focusing on its rare occurrence, clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and treatment strategies. By evaluating epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognostic factors, and therapeutic options, it offers crucial insights into improving patient outcomes through timely surgical interventions and optimized management. This research highlights the importance of early diagnosis and balanced treatment to enhance long-term survival in AMI-VSR patients.