• ABO blood groups
• dental caries
• gingivitis
• impacted teeth
• malocclusion

• Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University for funding this research through project number

• Blood groups
• Healthy blood donor
• Megakaryopoiesis
• Platelet count
• Plateletpheresis

• Blood type
• Ischemic stroke
• Meta-analysis
• Myocardial infarction
• Peripheral vascular disease

• Humans
• Adolescent
• Young Adult
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Ischemic Stroke
• Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis
• Peripheral Vascular Diseases
• Odds Ratio
• von Willebrand Factor
• Stroke/diagnosis
• Stroke/epidemiology
• Risk Factors

Our study aims to investigate the role of the ABO blood group in the development and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with dialysis.

A total of 408 ESRD patients with dialysis between January 2010 and December 2020 were enrolled including 204 patients diagnosed with CAD undergoing coronary angiography for the first time, and baseline characteristics as well as Gensini score (GS) were collected. Logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relation of ABO blood types to the risk and severity of CAD, respectively.

Blood group O frequency was significantly low in dialysis ESRD patients with CAD (25 vs. 38.24%) compared with the non-CAD patients and multivariable logistic regression showed blood group O was negatively associated with the risk of CAD [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.19–0.60, p < 0.001] as well as the GS tertiles (adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.11–0.49, p < 0.001) compared with A blood group. Blood group A, B, and AB were positively associated with the high Gensini tertile compared with O blood group (adjusted OR = 4.26, 95% CI = 2.03–8.93, p < 0.001; adjusted OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.11–5.13, p < 0.05; adjusted OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 1.40–13.35, P < 0.05). Similarly, multivariable linear regression results revealed O blood type was negatively associated with the GS (β = −26.129, 95% CI = −40.094 to −12.164, p < 0.001).

This case-control study demonstrated that blood group O was a potential independent protective factor for the risk and severity of CAD in ESRD patients with dialysis.

• National Natural Science Foundation of China

• ABO blood type
• burr hole surgery
• chronic subdural hematoma
• postoperative recurrence
• trauma

• ABO blood group
• Anti-heat-shock protein 27
• Cardiovascular disease
• High sensitivity C-reactive protein
• Pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance

• ABO Blood-Group System/blood
• Biomarkers/blood
• C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
• Cardiovascular Diseases/blood
• Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis
• Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
• Dyslipidemias/physiopathology
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Heat-Shock Proteins/blood
• Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
• Humans
• Hypertension/physiopathology
• Iran/epidemiology
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
• Middle Aged
• Molecular Chaperones/blood
• Molecular Chaperones/immunology
• Obesity/physiopathology
• Oxidants/blood
• Prognosis
• Reactive Oxygen Species/blood
• Risk Factors

Introduction: There is paucity of data about the possible role of ABO antigen in response to pharmacologic reperfusion therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and its relationship with ST segment recovery; thus, we aimed to evaluate the association of ABO antigen with ST-segment resolution in STEMI patients treated with thrombolysis.

Methods: This prospective and observational study was conducted between March 2016 and September 2017 on patients with first acute STEMI within the first 12 hours after onset of symptoms treated with thrombolysis. Myocardial reperfusion success was determined by single-lead ST-segment recovery in 12-lead ECG. Patients were considered as responders if ST-segment resolved ≥50% or were assigned as non-responders if ST-segment resolution was <50%. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to examine the contribution of "A" and "B" blood group antigens to ST-segment resolution and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event (MACCE). Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported for each variable.

Results: In this study 303 patients (187 males and 116 females) with a mean age of 56.6 ± 16.8 (ranging from 39 to 87 years) were enrolled. 184 patients (60.7%) were responders and 119 patients (39.2%) were non-responders. The presence of either A (4.5 folds increase) or B (5.4 folds increase) antigen was associated with a higher likelihood of a response to thrombolytic therapy, while had not effect on the occurrence of MACCE.

Conclusion: We conclude that the presence of A or B blood group antigens is associated with a better response to thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute STEMI. This finding may imply a higher likelihood for thrombotic occlusion of coronary arteries in patients who have either A or B antigen in their blood.

• ABO Blood Group
• Acute Myocardial Infarction
• ST-Segment Resolution
• Thrombolysis
• Thrombus Burden

• glycans
• platelets
• red blood cells
• thrombosis
• transfusion

• Blood Platelets/metabolism
• Erythrocytes/metabolism
• Glycosylation
• Humans
• Transfusion Medicine
• von Willebrand Factor/metabolism

• R01 HL089224 NHLBI NIH HHS
• R01 HL138656 NHLBI NIH HHS
• R01 HL135575 NHLBI NIH HHS
• K12 HL141954 NHLBI NIH HHS
• U01 CA242109 NCI NIH HHS
• P01 HL107146 NHLBI NIH HHS

• ABO blood groups
• Coronary artery disease
• Cross-sectional study

• blood groups
• epidemiology
• transfusion medicine

ABO blood type A was reported to correlate with an increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in white patients with severe sepsis and major trauma compared with patients with other blood types. Information regarding ABO phenotypes and major outcomes in patients with ARDS is unavailable. The primary aim was to determine the relationship between ABO blood type A and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). The secondary aim was to describe the association between ABO blood type A and ICU length of stay (LOS) in this study population.

In a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, we collected the clinical records of patients admitted from January 2012 to December 2014 in five ICUs of Northern Italy. We included adult white patients admitted to the ICU who were diagnosed with AHRF requiring mechanical ventilation.

The electronic records of 1732 patients with AHRF were reviewed. The proportion of patients with ABO blood type A versus other blood types was 39.9% versus 60.1%. ICU mortality (25%) and ICU LOS (median [interquartile range], 5 [2–12] days) were not different when stratified by ABO blood type (ICU mortality, overall p value = 0.905; ICU LOS, overall p value = 0.609). SAPSII was a positive predictor of ICU mortality (odds ration [OR], 32.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18.80–57.24; p < 0.001) and ICU LOS (β coefficient, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35–0.75; p < 0.001) at multivariate analyses, whereas ABO blood type did not predict ICU outcome when forced into the model.

ABO blood type did not correlate with ICU mortality and ICU LOS in adult patients with AHRF who were mechanically ventilated.

• Hypertension
• cardiovascular disease
• gene-environment
• genetics
• pharmacogenetics
• risk score

Since the discovery of the ABO blood group system by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, several reports have suggested an important involvement of the ABO blood group system in the susceptibility to thrombosis. Assessing that non-O blood groups in particular A blood group confer a higher risk of venous and arterial thrombosis than group O.

Epidemiologic data are typically not available for all racial and ethnics groups.

The purpose of this pilot study was to identify a link between ABO blood group and ischemic disease (ID) in Africans, and to analyze whether A blood group individuals were at higher risk of ischemic disease or not.

A total of 299 medical records of patients over a three-year period admitted to the cardiology and internal medicine department of military hospital of Ouakam in Senegal were reviewed. We studied data on age, gender, past history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, sedentarism, obesity, hyperlipidemia, use of estrogen-progestin contraceptives and blood group distribution.

In each blood group type, we evaluated the prevalence of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular disease. The medical records were then stratified into two categories to evaluate incidence of ischemic disease: Group 1: Patients carrying blood-group A and Group 2: Patients carrying blood group non-A (O, AB and B).

Of the 299 patients whose medical records were reviewed, 92 (30.8%) were carrying blood group A, 175 (58.5%) had blood group O, 13 (4.3%) had blood group B, and 19 (6.4%) had blood group AB.

The diagnosis of ischemic disease (ID) was higher in patients with blood group A (61.2%) than in other blood groups, and the diagnosis of non-ischemic disease (NID) was higher in patients with blood group O (73.6%) compared to other groups. In patients with blood group B or AB compared to non-B or non-AB, respectively there was no statistically significant difference in ID incidence.

Main risk factor for ID was smoking (56.5%), hypertension (18.4%) and diabetes (14.3%).

In our study, there was no statistical difference between blood group A and non-A in myocardial infarction (MI) incidence (p = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.99–2.83) but a statistically significant difference between blood group A and non-A in stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD) incidence (p < 0.0001, 95% CI = 1.80–3.37 and p < 0.0001 95% CI = 1.82–3.41 respectively) was found.

The incidence of ID in men was significantly higher in blood group A (95% CI = 2.26–4.57, p < 0.0001) compared with non-A group, while there was no statistically significant difference in women (p = 0.35). However, an overall effect was detected to be statistically significant regardless of gender (p < 0.0001).

Our study suggests an association between blood group A and ID in sub-Sahara Africans.

In African countries, where most of health facilities are understaffed, more rigorous studies with a larger population are needed to give a high level of evidence to confirm this association in order to establish the need to be more aggressive in risk factor control in these individuals.

• ABO blood group
• Africans
• Coronary artery disease
• Ischemic disease
• Ischemic stroke
• Myocardial infarction

Although several studies have investigated the relationship between ABO blood group and medical diseases, few reports have explored the association with oral diseases, including periodontal disease (PD).

The aim of this literature review was to assess the association between the ABO blood grouping and PD.

We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following terms in different combinations: “ABO blood group,” “periodontitis,” “aggressive periodontitis (AP),” “risk factor,” and “Rhesus factor.” Databases were searched for articles published from 1977 to August 2016. Titles and abstracts of articles were screened for English-language papers describing clinical studies, case reports, or retrospective studies of oral health status in patients with different ABO blood groups. Letters to the editor, historic reviews, and articles including unpublished data were excluded. Reference lists of included studies were reviewed for additional original and review studies.

We identified eight articles describing studies of the relationship between ABO blood groups and PD. The findings suggested a possible genetic basis in the association of the blood group AB with AP. Four studies showed that chronic periodontitis was more common among patients with blood group O.

ABO blood subgroup and Rhesus factor could constitute risk predictors in the development of PD.

• Rhesus factor
• aggressive periodontitis
• blood group
• genetic
• periodontitis

The ABO blood types related to morphological characteristics of atherosclerosis plaque are not clear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between ABO blood groups and the coronary plaque characteristic. We retrospectively identified the target lesions in 392 acute coronary syndrome patients who underwent optical coherence tomography examination before stenting. Subjects were divided into different groups according to different blood types. The fibrous cap thickness was significantly thicker in O type compared with non-O type (0.075 ± 0.033 mm versus 0.061 ± 0.024, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the incidence of thin-cap fibroatheroma was also significantly higher in O type compared with non-O type (51.0% versus 71.5%, p < 0.001). The O type showed a significantly larger minimum lumen area [1.26 (0.82, 2.13) versus 1.05 (0.67, 1.82), p = 0.020] and minimum lumen diameter [1.03 (0.74, 1.31) versus 0.95 (0.66, 1.25), p = 0.039] compared with non-O type. There were no differences found in incidence of lipid plaque, plaque rupture, and thrombus between different blood type groups even between O type and non-O type group (p > 0.05). The plaques of O type blood group were exhibited more stably compared with non-O type blood group. Moreover, the non-O type blood group have more serious coronary artery stenosis than O type blood group.

The knowledge of the ABO blood group phenotype of the patients and their correlation with the periodontal disease maybe important in the development of early treatment strategies, and it would be helpful to target non-responding areas to periodontal therapy of the susceptible individuals.

The present study was conducted to determine whether there was any correlation between periodontal diseases and ABO blood groups and Rh factor.

This study was carried out on 537 subjects attending Faculty of Dental Sciences OPD in BHU. Subjects were divided into three groups: group I (healthy subjects), group II (subjects with gingivitis), and group III (subjects with periodontitis) based on periodontal examination (Gingival index, Bleeding Index, Probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level). ABO Blood grouping were done and correlated with the periodontal status of study subjects. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using the statistical software namely Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 16, IBM Analytics) and Systat 8.0.

In this study, there was a greater prevalence of gingivitis in blood group O and periodontitis in blood group B. The blood group AB showed the least prevalence of periodontal diseases. Similarly gingivitis and peridontitis were significantly higher among Rhesus positive groups when compared with Rhesus negative groups.

Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that ABO blood groups and Rh factor could be a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease.

• Blood group
• gingivitis
• periodontitis
• rhesus factor

• ABO blood groups
• acute myocardial infarction
• blood type O
• coronary artery disease
• spontaneous recanalization

• ABO Blood-Group System
• Aged
• China
• Coronary Angiography
• Coronary Artery Disease/blood
• Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging
• Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology
• Coronary Circulation
• Female
• Humans
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Multivariate Analysis
• Odds Ratio
• Remission, Spontaneous
• ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/blood
• ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/diagnostic imaging
• ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology

Knowledge of the distribution of ABO-Rh(D) blood groups in a locality is vital for safe blood services. However, the distribution of these blood systems among Ethiopians in general is little explored. This study was, therefore, designed to determine the ABO-Rh(D) blood group distribution among patients attending Gambella hospital, southwestern Ethiopia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted between November and December 2013 (N = 449). The patients were grouped into two broad categories. Those who originally moved from different parts of Ethiopia and currently residing in Gambella are named ‘highlanders’ (n = 211). The other group consisted of natives (Nilotics) to the locality (n = 238). ABO-Rh(D) blood groups were typed by agglutination, open-slide test method, using commercial antisera (Biotech laboratories Ltd, Ipswich, Suffolk, UK).

Overall, majority of the participants (41.20%) had blood type ‘O’ followed by types ‘A’ (34.96%), ‘B’ (20.48%) and ‘AB’ (3.34%). However, blood type ‘A’ was the most frequent (44.07%) blood group among the ‘highlanders’ and 50.42% of Nilotic natives had type ‘O’. The proportion of participants devoid of the Rh factor was 19.37%.

While the ABO blood group distribution is similar to previous reports, the Rh(D) frequency is much higher than what was reported so far for Ethiopia and continental Africa.

• ABO-Rh(D)
• Blood group
• Ethiopia
• Gambella
• Nilotics
• ‘Highlanders’

• ABO Blood Group System
• Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Angina Pectoris
• Atherosclerosis
• Blood Group
• Coronary Artery Disease
• Myocardial Ischemia
• Unstable Angina

• ABO Blood-Group System/analysis
• Adult
• Aged
• Coronary Artery Disease/blood
• Disease Susceptibility
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Risk Factors
• Young Adult

• ABO Blood-Group System
• Aged
• Asian People
• China/epidemiology
• Coronary Angiography
• Coronary Artery Disease/blood
• Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging
• Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology
• Female
• Humans
• Incidence
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Proportional Hazards Models
• Prospective Studies
• Risk Factors

• ABO blood-group systems
• acute coronary syndrome
• blood platelets
• glycoproteins
• thrombosis

• ABO blood group
• Coronary atherosclerosis
• Gensini score
• Risk factor

• ABO Blood-Group System
• Aged
• Blood Glucose/metabolism
• China
• Cohort Studies
• Coronary Angiography
• Coronary Artery Disease/blood
• Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Inflammation
• Linear Models
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Multivariate Analysis
• Prevalence
• Risk Factors
• Severity of Illness Index
• Triglycerides/metabolism

ABO blood type is one of the most readily available laboratory tests, and serves as a vital determinant in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. The ABO antigens are expressed not only on red blood cell membranes, determining the compatibility of transfusion, but also on the surface of other human cells, including epithelium, platelet and vascular endothelium, therefore extending the research into other involvements of cardiovascular disease and postoperative outcomes. ABO blood group has been recognized as a risk factor of venous thrombosis embolism since the 1960’s, effects now understood to be related to ABO dependent variations are procoagulant factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels. Levels of vWF, mostly genetically determined, are strongly associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). It mediates platelet adhesion aggregation and stabilizes FVIII in plasma. Moreover, many studies have tried to identify the relationship between ABO blood types and ischemic heart disease. Unlike the clear and convincing associations between VTE and ABO blood type, the link between ABO blood type and ischemic heart disease is less consistent and may be confusing. Other than genetic factors, ischemic heart disease is strongly related to diet, race, lipid metabolism and economic status. In this review, we’ll summarize the data relating race and genetics, including ABO blood type, to VTE, ischemic heart disease and postoperative bleeding after cardiac surgery.

• ABO blood group
• Venous thrombosis
• Ischemia disease
• Cardiac surgery
• Outcomes

• ABO blood group
• arterial thrombosis
• coronary heart disease
• thrombosis
• venous thromboembolism

• ABO blood group
• haemolytic disease
• intrauterine transfusion

Objectives: To determine if there is any significant association between ABO blood groups and ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods: The study was performed at Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore. Study duration was from January 2012 to September 2012. This study included 200 IHD patients and 230 control individuals. Self design questionnaire was used to collect information regarding risk factors. Standard agglutination test was performed to determine the blood groups. Data was analyzed on SPSS 16.

Results: The prevalence of blood groups in IHD group was 34% in blood group A, 29% in blood group B, 14% in blood group AB and 23% in blood group O. In control group the distribution of B, A, AB and O blood groups were 34.4%, 20.9%, 12.6%, 32.2% respectively. Rh+ve factor was prevalent in 90.5% among IHD group and 92.6% in control subjects. The prevalence of IHD was more in males (63.5%) as compared to females (36.5%). Mean age was 56.4±0.86 (yrs) and BMI was 26.4±0.33 (kg/m²). The prevalence of hypertension was 58.5%, diabetes was 53%, family history of cardiac disease was 45%, 35.5% of patients were doing exercise regularly, 58.5% used ghee, and 58% were smokers.

Conclusion: Subjects with blood group A had significantly (p< 0.05) higher risk of developing IHD as compare to other blood groups.

• ABO blood group
• Ischemic heart disease

• ADAMTS13
• Coronary heart disease
• Ischemic stroke
• Myocardial infarction
• von Willebrand factor

• ADAM Proteins/genetics
• ADAM Proteins/metabolism
• ADAMTS13 Protein
• Animals
• Arteries/metabolism
• Arteries/pathology
• Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
• Disease Models, Animal
• Humans
• Mice
• Thrombosis/genetics
• Thrombosis/metabolism
• von Willebrand Diseases/complications
• von Willebrand Diseases/genetics
• von Willebrand Diseases/metabolism
• von Willebrand Factor/genetics
• von Willebrand Factor/metabolism

Physical stress triggers the endothelium to release von Willebrand Factor (VWF) from the Weibel Palade bodies. Since VWF is a risk factor for arterial thrombosis, it is of great interest to discover determinants of VWF response to physical stress. We aimed to determine the main mediators of the VWF increase by exhaustive physical exercise.

105 healthy individuals (18–35 years) were included in this study. Each participant performed an incremental exhaustive exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Respiratory gas exchange measurements were obtained while cardiac function was continuously monitored. Blood was collected at baseline and directly after exhaustion. VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) levels, VWF collagen binding (VWF:CB) levels, ADAMTS13 activity and common variations in Syntaxin Binding Protein-5 (STXBP5, rs1039084 and rs9399599), Syntaxin-2 (STX2, rs7978987) and VWF (promoter, rs7965413) were determined.

The median VWF:Ag level at baseline was 0.94 IU/mL [IQR 0.8–1.1] and increased with 47% [IQR 25–73] after exhaustive exercise to a median maximum VWF:Ag of 1.38 IU/mL [IQR 1.1–1.8] (p<0.0001). VWF:CB levels and ADAMTS13 activity both also increased after exhaustive exercise (median increase 43% and 12%, both p<0.0001). The strongest determinants of the VWF:Ag level increase are performance related (p<0.0001). We observed a gender difference in VWF:Ag response to exercise (females 1.2 IU/mL; males 1.7 IU/mL, p = 0.001), which was associated by a difference in performance. Genetic variations in STXBP5, STX2 and the VWF promoter were not associated with VWF:Ag levels at baseline nor with the VWF:Ag increase.

VWF:Ag levels strongly increase upon exhaustive exercise and this increase is strongly determined by physical fitness level and the intensity of the exercise, while there is no clear effect of genetic variation in STXBP5, STX2 and the VWF promoter.

• ADAM Proteins/blood
• ADAMTS13 Protein
• Adult
• Antigens/blood
• Exercise
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nerve Tissue Proteins/blood
• Promoter Regions, Genetic
• R-SNARE Proteins/blood
• Syntaxin 1/blood
• Weibel-Palade Bodies/metabolism
• von Willebrand Factor/metabolism

The purpose of this study is to establish whether ABO blood group is related to coronary heart disease in an individual in Asian Indian Bengali population of eastern part of India. Two hundred and fifty (250) CHD patients and two hundred and fifty (250) age and sex matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. ABO blood group distribution in patients was compared with control group. Frequency of major cardiac risk factors was determined to find any correlation between blood groups and cardiovascular risk factors. The distribution of ABO blood groups in patients versus control group was A in 24.00 versus 21.60%, B in 30.80 versus 32.40%, O in 38.40 versus 21.60%, and AB in 6.80 versus 24.40%. The analysis showed significant difference in frequency of O (OR = 1.857, 95%CI = 1.112–3.100, P = 0.018) and AB (OR = 0.447, 95%CI = 0.227–0.882, P = 0.020) blood group between healthy controls and CHD individuals. Our results may suggest that the AB blood group decreases the risk of CHD in healthy controls, and it might be due to the higher concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), while the O blood group increases the risk of CHD due to lower HDL-c levels in Bengali population of eastern part of India.

• Dental Health
• Gingivitis
• Periodontitis

The correlation between certain systemic diseases and ABO blood group is a well-documented fact. The association between periodontal disease and ABO blood group is not studied in relation to a specific geographic location. Here is a study conducted on a group of patients belonging to South Kanara district of Karnataka state.

A total of 750 subjects aged between 30and 38 years belonging to South Kanara district were selected on random basis. The study subjects were segregated into healthy/mild gingivitis, moderate/severe gingivitis, and periodontitis group, based on Loe and Silness index and clinical attachment loss as criteria. The study group was further categorized and graded using Ramfjord's periodontal disease index. Blood samples were collected to identify ABO blood group.

Prevalence of blood group O was more in South Kanara district, followed by blood groups B and A, and the least prevalent was AB. The percentage distribution of subjects with blood groups O and AB was more in healthy/mild gingivitis group (group I) and moderate/severe gingivitis group (group II), while subjects with blood groups B and A were more in periodontitis group III. There was increased prevalence of subjects with blood groups O and AB with healthy periodontium, while subjects with blood groups B and A showed inclination toward diseased periodontium.

There is a correlation existing between periodontal disease and ABO blood group in this geographic location. This association can be due to various blood group antigens acting as receptors for infectious agents associated with periodontal disease. This broad correlation between periodontal disease and ABO blood group also points toward susceptibility ofthe subjects with certain blood groups to periodontal disease.

• ABO antigen
• ABO blood group
• gingivitis
• periodontitis South Kanara district

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Cohort Studies
• Coronary Disease/blood
• Coronary Disease/genetics
• Female
• Genetic Variation
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Netherlands
• von Willebrand Factor/metabolism

• ABO Blood-Group System
• Adult
• Case-Control Studies
• Coronary Artery Disease/blood
• Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology
• Female
• Humans
• Lipids/blood
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Myocardial Infarction/blood
• Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Taiwan/epidemiology

• ABO Blood-Group System
• ADAM Proteins/biosynthesis
• ADAMTS13 Protein
• Adult
• Aged
• Arteries/pathology
• Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis
• Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
• Genetic Variation
• Humans
• Ischemia/pathology
• Middle Aged
• Models, Genetic
• Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis
• Myocardial Infarction/pathology
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
• Risk
• Stroke/genetics
• Stroke/pathology
• Thrombosis/pathology
• Thrombospondin 1/biosynthesis
• von Willebrand Factor/biosynthesis
• von Willebrand Factor/genetics