• genomics
• oral diagnosis
• periodontitis
• proteomics
• saliva
• systemic disease

• Humans
• Saliva/chemistry
• Biomarkers/analysis
• Endocrine System Diseases/diagnosis
• Neoplasms/diagnosis

• Chronic diseases
• Periodontitis
• Psoriasis

• Humans
• Cohort Studies
• Dental Caries
• Retrospective Studies
• Psoriasis/complications
• Psoriasis/epidemiology
• Incidence
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Risk Factors

Calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate foam has been developed as a new topical therapeutic option for psoriasis, whose effect has been documented mainly on clinical basis.

We decided to evaluate its efficacy on 11 patients, not only at the clinical level (by using Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI], and Psoriasis Global Assessment [PGA] clinimetric indexes) but especially from a subclinical viewpoint (by using videocapillaroscopy and thermography).

After 4 weeks of treatment with calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate foam, there was a marked reduction in all three clinimetric indixes PASI, PGA, and DLQI (DLQI mean value decreased from 13.45 ± 3.59 to 6.82 ± 3.31 (p = 0.001), PASI from 7.909 ± 2.857 to 4.582 ± 2.422 (p = 0.001), PGA from 1.8 ± 0.6 to 0.7 ± 0.4 (p = 0.002). From thermographic survey, a significant reduction of mean value of ΔT (temperature difference [°C] between center of the lesions and their periphery [healthy skin]), from 0.28 ± 0.99 to −0.42 ± 0.39 (p = 0.058), was observed. An exceptional reduction of capillaries of psoriatic plaques was detected through videocapillaroscopy (capillary density decreased from 27.91 ± 6.70 capillaries/mm² to 4.54 ± 2.77 capillaries/mm² (p = 0.001), with an 83.73% reduction).

Our results demonstrate both clinical and subclinical efficacy of calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate foam on psoriatic skin lesions. The subclinical improvement detected, not only demonstrates that the therapeutic effect of foam is truly due to a decrease in inflammation, but, being earlier and more effectively detectable than clinical benefit, suggests future applications of thermography and videocapillaroscopy in evaluating the in vivo effect of therapies for psoriasis, and, in general, the course of the disease “beyond human eyes.”

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, clinicians have been overwhelmed by questions beyond the SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. In dermatology practice, clinicians have been facing difficulties concerning therapeutic management of chronic immune-mediated skin disease, above all psoriasis. Major challenges arisen were to understand the role of immunosuppression or immunomodulation on COVID-19 evolution, the benefit/risk ratio related to discontinuation or modification of ongoing treatment, and the appropriateness of initiating new treatments, the optimization of timing in vaccination administration to patients under immunomodulatory treatments, and finally how to find new strategy of patients’ management through remote assistance. In this comprehensive review, we present the current evidence about the course and management of psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The general message from dermatologists was that data did not suggest that having PSO or its treatment significantly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or more severe COVID-19 course, the vaccination is highly recommended in all psoriatic patients, beyond ongoing treatment, and that the telehealth experience was a success overall.

• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV-2
• biologics
• psoriasis
• systemic treatments
• vaccines

• aging
• clonal hematopoiesis
• comorbidities
• hematopoietic stem cells
• periodontitis
• trained immunity

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin and joint disease, with a plethora of comorbidities, characterized by a certain genetic predisposition, and a complex pathogenesis based on the IL-23/IL-17 pathway. There is no doubt that the patients affected by psoriasis are more susceptible to infections as well as that the risk of infection is higher in psoriatic subjects than in the general population. The advent of biotechnological agents on the therapeutic arsenal actually available for the treatment of moderate-to-severe patients, given the fact that the severity of the disease is a predictor of the level of infectious risk, has raised the question of whether these ‘new’ drugs could be considered a safer option and how they can be used in selected cases. Old and newer strategies in cases of chronic infectious conditions are reviewed under the light of clinical trials and other studies present in literature.

• periodontitis
• psoriasis
• systematic review

• Case-Control Studies
• Cohort Studies
• Humans
• Periodontitis/complications
• Periodontitis/epidemiology
• Prospective Studies
• Psoriasis/complications
• Psoriasis/epidemiology

• 81600829 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• National Natural Science Foundation of China

• apremilast
• long term efficacy
• psoriasis
• real world

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, with a chronic relapsing-remitting course, which affects 2–3% of the worldwide population. The progressive acquisitions of the inflammatory pathways involved in the development of psoriasis have led to the identification of the key molecules of the psoriatic inflammatory cascade. At the same time, psoriasis therapy has radically evolved with the introduction of target molecules able to modify the natural history of the disease, acting specifically on these inflammatory pathways. For these reasons, biologics have been demonstrated to be drugs able to change the disease’s natural history, as they reduce the inflammatory background to avoid irreversible organ damage and prevent systemic complications. However, several issues related to the use of biologics in patients with systemic comorbidities, remain open. All these data reflect the extraordinary potentiality of biologics, but also the unmet medical need to improve our knowledge on the long-term risk related to continuous use of these drugs, and their administration in special populations. This narrative review aims to highlight both the efficacy and safety profile of biologics in psoriasis, starting from pathophysiology and moving towards their clinical application.

• immune-mediated skin diseases
• pathophysiology
• psoriasis
• therapy

• Epidemiology
• Periodontitis
• Prevalence
• Psoriasis
• Smoking

• Cohort Studies
• Humans
• Periodontitis/epidemiology
• Psoriasis/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Smoking/adverse effects
• Smoking/epidemiology

• atopic dermatitis
• blistering diseases
• oral lichen plants
• psoriasis
• saliva
• vitiligo

• Biomarkers/metabolism
• Early Diagnosis
• Humans
• Prognosis
• Proteomics/methods
• Saliva/metabolism
• Skin Diseases/diagnosis
• Skin Diseases/immunology

Saliva as a biological fluid has a remarkable potential in the non-invasive diagnostics of several systemic disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Are salivary biomarkers reliable for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eleven studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Due to their heterogeneity, the potential salivary markers for IBD were divided into four groups: oxidative status markers, inflammatory cytokines, microRNAs and other biomarkers. Active CD patients manifest decreased activity of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, catalase) and increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, malondialdehyde seems to be a good diagnostic marker of CD. Moreover, elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 or tumour necrosis factor α) are associated with the activity of IBD. Additionaly, selected miRNAs are altered in saliva (overexpressed miR-101 in CD; overexpressed miR-21, miR-31, miR-142-3p and underexpressed miR-142-5p in UC). Among other salivary biomarkers, exosomal PSMA7, α-amylase and calprotectin are detected. In conclusion, saliva contains several biomarkers which can be used credibly for the early diagnosis and regular monitoring of IBD. However, further investigations are necessary to validate these findings, as well as to identify new reliable salivary biomarkers.

• biomarkers
• inflammatory bowel disease
• saliva

• Biomarkers
• Cytokines/metabolism
• Humans
• Inflammation Mediators
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
• MicroRNAs
• Oxidative Stress
• Prognosis
• Reproducibility of Results
• Saliva/metabolism
• Sensitivity and Specificity

• cytokines
• nitrosative stress
• plaque psoriasis
• saliva
• salivary glands

• biomarkers
• oral cancer
• oral diseases
• oral lichen planus
• psoriasis
• saliva

The purpose of the present study was to characterize the composition of the salivary microbiota and quantify salivary levels of inflammation‐related proteins (neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin [NGAL] and transferrin) in patients with psoriasis and compare data to those obtained in patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively.

Stimulated saliva samples from patients with psoriasis (n = 27), patients with periodontitis (n = 58), and orally healthy controls (n = 52) were characterized by means of next‐generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Salivary levels of NGAL and transferrin were quantified using immunoassays.

Linear discriminant effect size analysis showed that 52 (22 psoriasis‐associated and 30 periodontitis‐associated) and 21 (8 psoriasis‐associated and 13 orally healthy control‐associated) bacterial taxa differentiated the salivary microbiota in patients with psoriasis from that of patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively. Significantly lower mean salivary levels of NGAL (psoriasis: 996 [std. error 320], periodontitis: 2,072 [295], orally healthy controls: 2,551 [345] ng/ml, p < .0001) and transferrin (psoriasis: 4.37 [0.92], periodontitis: 7.25 [0.88], orally healthy controls: 10.02 [0.94] ng/ml, p < .0001) were identified in patients with psoriasis.

Psoriasis associates with characteristics of the salivary microbiota and salivary levels of inflammation‐related proteins, which are different from characteristics in patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls, respectively.

• inflammation
• microbiota
• periodontitis
• psoriasis
• saliva

• Psoriasis
• comorbidity
• oral microbiota
• periodontitis
• psoriatic arthritis
• smoking

• Human gingival fibroblasts
• Inflammation cytokine
• N-WASP
• Psoriasis

• anorexia nervosa
• oxidative stress
• reactive oxygen species
• saliva
• superoxide dismutase

• Biomarkers/metabolism
• Comorbidity
• Humans
• Periodontal Diseases/genetics
• Periodontal Diseases/metabolism
• Periodontal Diseases/pathology
• Prognosis
• Psoriasis/epidemiology
• Psoriasis/genetics
• Psoriasis/metabolism
• Research
• Saliva/chemistry
• Saliva/metabolism
• Skin Diseases/epidemiology
• Skin Diseases/genetics
• Skin Diseases/metabolism

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disorder associated and often coexisting with many other immune-related clinical conditions including those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Data obtained from the reviewed literature suggest an association between psoriasis and pathologies of the oral cavity, both psoriasis-specific lesions, as well as non-specific, such as geographic tongue or fissured tongue. These findings show the importance of thorough examination of oral mucosa in psoriatic patients. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are also linked with psoriasis. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis share a common genetic background, inflammatory pathways and have an evident iatrogenic anti-TNF treatment link, necessitating dermatological or gastroenterological care in patients with IBD or psoriasis, respectively, as well as treatment adjusted to manifestations. The presence of celiac disease-specific antibodies in psoriatic patients and their correlation with the severity of the disease show the association between these disorders. The linking pathogenesis comprises vitamin D deficiency, immune pathway, genetic background and increase in the intestinal permeability, which suggests a potential benefit from gluten-free diet among psoriatic patients. The link between psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease implies screening patients for components of metabolic syndrome and lifestyle changes necessity. Some studies indicate increased prevalence of cancer in patients with psoriasis, probably due to negative influence of skin lesion impact on lifestyle rather than the role of psoriasis in carcinogenesis. However, there are no sufficient data to exclude such an oncogenic hit, which is yet to be confirmed. Therefore, all psoriasis-associated comorbidities establish the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of these patients.

• Cancer
• Celiac disease
• Geographic tongue
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Oral cavity
• Psoriasis

Increasing evidence has suggested an independent association between periodontitis and a range of comorbidities, for example cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, psoriasis, and respiratory infections. Shared inflammatory pathways are likely to contribute to this association, but distinct causal mechanisms remain to be defined. Some of these comorbid conditions may improve by periodontal treatment, and a bidirectional relationship may exist, where, for example, treatment of diabetes can improve periodontal status. The present article presents an overview of the evidence linking periodontitis with selected systemic diseases and calls for increased cooperation between dentists and medical doctors to provide optimal screening, treatment, and prevention of both periodontitis and its comorbidities.

• Alzheimer’s disease
• Parkinson’s disease
• Periodontitis
• cardiovascular disease
• comorbidity
• low-grade inflammation
• osteoporosis
• periodontal disease
• pneumonia
• psoriasis
• rheumatoid arthritis
• type 2 diabetes

• psoriasis
• periodontitis
• meta-analysis

• Case-Control Studies
• Cohort Studies
• Humans
• Periodontitis/complications
• Psoriasis/complications
• Risk Factors

• UL1 TR000135 NCATS NIH HHS

• IL-1β
• TNF-α inhibitor treatment
• oral biomarker
• psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease, frequently associated with systemic comorbidities. According to recent data, patients with psoriasis show a greater prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which confers a higher cardiovascular risk. The link between these pathological conditions appears to be a chronic low-grade inflammatory status. The aim of this review is to focus on the multiple epidemiological and physio-pathogenetic aspects linking non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, psoriasis, and cardiovascular disease.

• Psoriasis
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Cardiovascular risk

• Female
• Humans
• Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects
• Influenza Vaccines/immunology
• Alphainfluenzavirus/classification
• Alphainfluenzavirus/immunology
• Male
• Psoriasis/diagnosis
• Psoriasis/etiology
• T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
• Time Factors
• Vaccination/adverse effects