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1
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Di Guardo G. Infectious disease risk in polar bears due to chronic starvation. Vet Rec 2024; 194:271-272. [PMID: 38551265 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
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Yuan S, Elam KK, Johnston JD, Chow A. The Influence of Marriage and Cohabitation on Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older People. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:139-148. [PMID: 37919978 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231203124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Using data from a nationally representative longitudinal study, Midlife in the United States (waves 1-3; N = 1113; aged 49-93), this study investigated whether partnered living status (partnered vs. non-partnered) and partnered living quality (support/strain from partner, partner disagreements) were associated with physical activity in middle-aged/older adults. Regressions were performed to test the effect of change or stability in partnered living status across three waves and relationship quality on the frequency of moderate and vigorous physical activity at Wave 3. Subjects who changed from non-partnered to partnered living had the highest moderate and vigorous physical activity levels. Partner support was positively associated with moderate physical activity (β = .50, p < .01), and partner disagreement was negatively associated with vigorous physical activity (β = -.27, p < .01). Results suggest that partnered living status and quality can influence physical activity among the aging population. Physical activity interventions among older adults may benefit from including social support as a key component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Yuan
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kit K Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jeanne D Johnston
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Angela Chow
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Sun J, Zhang N, Carter J, Vanhoutte B, Wang J, Chandola T. Bedtime negative affect, sleep quality and subjective health in rural China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:280. [PMID: 38263032 PMCID: PMC10807101 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall level of negative affect (NeA) has been linked to impaired health. However, whether the diurnal timing of NeA matters and whether the NeA-health relationship is mediated by sleep quality remain unclear. METHODS Using a longitudinal dataset (2006, 2009 and 2014 waves) consisting of 1959 participants, we examined the within-person impact of both bedtime NeA and non-bedtime NeA measured by Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) on subjective health measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the mediating effect of sleep quality on the NeA-health relationships by fixed effect models. RESULTS Bedtime NeA predicted poorer health, while non-bedtime NeA was unrelated to health. The deleterious impact of bedtime NeA reduced and became non-significant after sleep quality was controlled for. Bedtime NeA also significantly predicted impaired sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Bedtime NeA is a stronger predictor of poorer health than non-bedtime NeA, and the deleterious influence of bedtime NeA on health seems to operate through poor sleep quality. Therefore, interventions to reduce bedtime NeA could potentially improve subsequent sleep quality, thereby protecting people to some extent from impaired health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Sun
- Social Statistics, Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research On Ageing (MICRA), The University of Manchester, HBS Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research (CMI), The University of Manchester, HBS Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Social Statistics, Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research On Ageing (MICRA), The University of Manchester, HBS Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research (CMI), The University of Manchester, HBS Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jackie Carter
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research (CMI), The University of Manchester, HBS Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bram Vanhoutte
- Social Statistics, Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research On Ageing (MICRA), The University of Manchester, HBS Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research (CMI), The University of Manchester, HBS Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- École de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808 - CP591, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jian Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Tarani Chandola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
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Wang X, Zhang S, Yan H, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Luo H, Yang X. Association of exposure to ozone and fine particulate matter with ovarian reserve among women with infertility. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122845. [PMID: 37926414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence linking diminished ovarian reserve, a significant cause of female infertility, and exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) or O3 exposure remains a critical knowledge gap in female fertility. This study investigated the association between ambient PM2.5, O3 pollution, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a sensitive marker of ovarian reserve, in reproductive-aged Chinese women. We enrolled 2212 women with spontaneous menstrual cycles who underwent AMH measurements at a reproductive medicine center between 2018 and 2021. The daily mean concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 and O3 were estimated using a validated spatiotemporal model, followed by matching the participants' residential addresses. Three exposure periods were designed according to AMH expression patterns during follicle development. A generalized linear model was used to investigate changes in AMH associated with air pollution. The results showed a mean AMH level of 3.47 ± 2.61 ng/mL. During the six months from primary to early antral follicle stage (Period 1), each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and O3 exposure was associated with AMH changes of -0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.48, 0.06) ng/mL and -0.31 (95% CI: -0.50, -0.12) ng/mL, respectively. Further analyses indicated that the reduced ovarian reserve measured by AMH level was only significantly associated with PM2.5 exposure during follicle development from the primary to preantral follicle stage (Period 2) but was significantly associated with O3 exposure during Periods 1, 2, and 3. These observations were robust in the dual-pollutant model considering co-exposure to PM2.5 and O3. The results indicated an inverse association between ovarian reserve and ambient O3 exposure and suggested distinct susceptibility windows for O3 and PM2.5 for reduced ovarian reserve. These findings highlight the need to control ambient air pollution to reduce invisible risks to women's fertility, especially at high O3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, No. 156 Nankai Third Road, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, No. 156 Nankai Third Road, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Huihui Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, No. 156 Nankai Third Road, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, No. 156 Nankai Third Road, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Haining Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, No. 156 Nankai Third Road, Tianjin 300100, China.
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Deitas TFH, Gaspary JFP. Efeitos biopsicos sociais e psiconeuroimunológicos do câncer sobre o paciente e familiares. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CANCEROLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.1997v43n2.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Durante as duas últimas décadas, têm sido ressaltados os problemas somáticos, psíquicos e sociais de pacientes com câncer, bem como têm sido focalizadas, no âmbito do estudo oncolágico, as teorias hiopsicossociais e psiconeuroimunológicas. O presente trabalho apresenta considerações clínicas sobre esses aspectos, ressaltando-se o impacto que o câncer provoca sobre os pacientes e seus familiares. O câncer e seus tratamentos constituem uma fonte de estresse, capaz de desencadear desordens de ajustamento nestes indivíduos. A mensuração da qualidade de vida deve ser incorporada aos estudos clínicos, porque a sua inclusão tende a melhorar as indicações terapêuticas. Os relatos de pacientes sobre sintomas somáticos são associados, principalmente, às suas preocupações emocionais e sociais mais do que ao seu estado geral de saúde. A equipe responsável pelos pacientes deve compreender a dinâmica envolvida no binômio família-paciente e conhecer a influência que os fatores psicossociais exercem sobre ele. A falha do reconhecimento dessa influência e, conseqüentemente, o prejuízo provocado no suporte psicossocial da família irão privar os pacientes do conforto, amor, suporte e companheirismo de que eles precisarão através do curso da sua doença. Os médicos devem ser capazes de identificar e estimular circunstâncias que facilitem o processo de adaptação de seus pacientes. O tratamento psicológico, em pelo menos alguma extensão, sempre é benéfico.
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Cristiano C, Avagliano C, Cuozzo M, Liguori FM, Calignano A, Russo R. The Beneficial Effects of Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide in the Management of Neuropathic Pain and Associated Mood Disorders Induced by Paclitaxel in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081155. [PMID: 36009049 PMCID: PMC9406031 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common complication of antineoplastic drugs, particularly paclitaxel (PTX). It can affect the quality of patients’ lives and increase the risk of developing mood disorders. Although several drugs are recommended, they yielded inconclusive results in clinical trials. The aim of the present work is to investigate whether the palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) would reduce PTX-induced CIPN and associated mood disorders. Moreover, the role PPAR-α and the endocannabinoid system will also be investigated. CIPN was induced by intraperitoneally injection of PTX (8 mg/kg) every other day for a week. PEA, 30 mg/kg, was orally administrated in a bioavailable form (i.e., ultramicronized PEA, um-PEA) one hour after the last PTX injection, for 7 days. In the antagonism experiments, AM281 (1 mg/kg) and GW6471 (2 mg/kg) were administrated 30 min before um-PEA. Our results demonstrated that um-PEA reduced the development of hypersensitivity with the effect being associated with the reduction in spinal and hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. Moreover, the PPAR-α and CB1 receptor antagonists blocked the behavioral and antinociceptive effects of um-PEA. Our findings suggest that um-PEA is a promising adjunct in CIPN and associated mood disorders through the activation of PPAR-α, which influences the endocannabinoid system.
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Akhtar MW, Huo C, Syed F, Safdar MA, Rasool A, Husnain M, Awais M, Sajjad MS. Carrot and Stick Approach: The Exploitative Leadership and Absenteeism in Education Sector. Front Psychol 2022; 13:890064. [PMID: 35936337 PMCID: PMC9350597 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.890064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the conservation of resources theory, this study investigates serial mediation of facades of conformity and depression between exploitative leadership and absenteeism. A total of 211 education sector employees using the convenient sampling technique took part in the survey with data collected in a time-lagged research design. Findings of the study reveal that facades of conformity and depression mediate the independent paths and play a serial mediating role between EL and absenteeism path. This study suggests that EL works as a workplace stressor, under which employees try to protect their valuable resources from further loss in the form of facades of conformity, in doing so, it leads to depression; thus, employees ultimately use absenteeism as an active coping strategy to cope with workplace stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waheed Akhtar
- Asia-Australia Business College, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Chunhui Huo
- Asia-Australia Business College, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fauzia Syed
- Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Arsalan Rasool
- Department of Public Administration, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Awais
- Faculty of Management Sciences, The University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
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de Sousa-Pereira N, Bocchi M, Motoori-Fernandes CY, Banin-Hirata BK, Piccoli de Melo LG, Brajão de Oliveira K, Freire Vitiello GA, Coral de Oliveira CE, Zago Campos C, Amarante MK, Ehara Watanabe MA. An association between chronic life stressors prior to diagnosis of breast cancer. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1370-1378. [PMID: 34602930 PMCID: PMC8481795 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of breast cancer (BC) and survival depend on a wide range of risk factors. From the psychosomatic point of view, BC is one of the most studied type of cancer but there is no evidence available for this relation. Therefore, in the present study we evaluate the impact of chronic life stressors in BC patients. A total of 100 BC patients were invited to participate in an interview, when information about social parameters and emotional changes in the period prior to diagnosis were collected. The emotional changes were evaluated by the Holmes and Rahe's Stress Scale, which analyzes the difficulty required for a person to readjust to society after significant changes in their life. Clinicopathological parameters were obtained from the medical records. For all data, the level of significance adopted was p <0.05. It was observed that 55.2 % of the patients have a medium and 13.8 % were at high risk for disease development related to stressful events in the period prior to the BC diagnosis. The highest stress levels were presented by separated, divorced, or widowed patients compared to married (p <0.01) and single (p = 0.037) patients. The high-risk (HR) group had a lower proportion of positivity for estrogen receptor when compared to the low (LR) and moderate risk (MR) groups (p= 0.001). In addition, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed, and we found that the relationship between the estrogen receptor and the HR of chronic stress was independently associated with the histological type of BC and lymph nodes involvement. The relationship of stressful life experiences and BC is not well established, so our study collaborates with the literature to demonstrate the importance of stress as a factor associated with the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália de Sousa-Pereira
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mayara Bocchi
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Yukari Motoori-Fernandes
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karina Banin-Hirata
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Maringa State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glauco Akelinghton Freire Vitiello
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Clodoaldo Zago Campos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marla Karine Amarante
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
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Implications of Tamarkoz on stress, emotion, spirituality and heart rate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14142. [PMID: 34238979 PMCID: PMC8266830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived stress among university students is a prevalent health issue directly correlated with poor academic performance, poor sleep quality, hopelessness, compromised physical and mental health, high risk of substance abuse, and suicidal ideation. Tamarkoz, a Sufi meditation, may reduce the impact of stressors to prevent illness among students. Tamarkoz is the art of self-knowledge through concentration and meditation. It is a method of concentration that can be applied to any task. The method is said to discipline the mind, body, and emotions to avoid unintended distractions. Therefore, it can be used in daily life activities, such as studying, eating, driving, de-stressing or in Sufism, seeking self-knowledge. This study was an 18-week quasi-experimental design with pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up assessments in the experimental group, a wait-list control, and a third group that utilized the campus health center’s stress management resources. Participants, university students, had no prior exposure to Tamarkoz, and there were no statistically significant differences among groups on baseline measurements. Using a generalized linear mixed model, significant increases in positive emotions and daily spiritual experiences, and reductions in perceived stress and heart rate were found in the experimental group compared to the other two groups. Tamarkoz seems to show some advantages over the usual stress management resources offered by a student health center. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration Date: (03/04/2018); ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03489148.
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Campbell Q, Bodkin-Allen S, Swain N. Group singing improves both physical and psychological wellbeing in people with and without chronic health conditions: A narrative review. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:1897-1912. [PMID: 33913360 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211012778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review was to establish a link between psychological and physical wellbeing in people with and without chronic health conditions who participated in group singing. Four databases were searched (PubMed, WoS, MEDLINE, and Scopus) using a systematic search method. Articles were screened, yielding 19 suitable articles. In most studies that were included group singing led to an increase in both psychological and physiological wellbeing. The major impacts were on affect and depression and anxiety.Group singing positively affects both physical and psychological wellbeing in people with and without chronic health conditions. No direction of causality could be established.
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Tieu HV, Koblin BA, Latkin C, Curriero FC, Greene ER, Rundle A, Frye V. Neighborhood and Network Characteristics and the HIV Care Continuum among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men. J Urban Health 2020; 97:592-608. [PMID: 29845586 PMCID: PMC7560681 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In order for treatment as prevention to work as a national strategy to contain the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States (US), the HIV care continuum must become more robust, retaining more individuals at each step. The majority of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the US are gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Within this population, there are distinct race- and ethnicity-based disparities in rates of HIV infection, engagement, and retention in HIV care, and viral suppression. Compared with White MSM, HIV-infected Black MSM are less likely to be on anti-retroviral therapy (ART), adhere to ART, and achieve viral suppression. Among MSM living in urban areas, falling off the continuum may be influenced by factors beyond the individual level, with new research identifying key roles for network- and neighborhood-level characteristics. To inform multi-level and multi-component interventions, particularly to support Black MSM living in urban areas, a clearer understanding of the pathways of influence among factors at various levels of the social ecology is required. Here, we review and apply the empirical literature and relevant theoretical perspectives to develop a series of potential pathways of influence that may be further evaluated. Results of research based on these pathways may provide insights into the design of interventions, urban planning efforts, and assessments of program implementation, resulting in increased retention in care, ART adherence, and viral suppression among urban-dwelling, HIV-infected MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Van Tieu
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beryl A Koblin
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank C Curriero
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily R Greene
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Frye
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Levy EJ, Gesquiere LR, McLean E, Franz M, Warutere JK, Sayialel SN, Mututua RS, Wango TL, Oudu VK, Altmann J, Archie EA, Alberts SC. Higher dominance rank is associated with lower glucocorticoids in wild female baboons: A rank metric comparison. Horm Behav 2020; 125:104826. [PMID: 32758500 PMCID: PMC7541639 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, glucocorticoid secretion occurs in response to energetic and psychosocial stressors that trigger the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Measuring glucocorticoid concentrations can therefore shed light on the stressors associated with different social and environmental variables, including dominance rank. Using 14,172 fecal samples from 237 wild female baboons, we test the hypothesis that high-ranking females experience fewer psychosocial and/or energetic stressors than lower-ranking females. We predicted that high-ranking females would have lower fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) concentrations than low-ranking females. Because dominance rank can be measured in multiple ways, we employ an information theoretic approach to compare 5 different measures of rank as predictors of fGC concentrations: ordinal rank; proportional rank; Elo rating; and two approaches to categorical ranking (alpha vs non-alpha and high-middle-low). Our hypothesis was supported, but it was also too simplistic. We found that alpha females exhibited substantially lower fGCs than other females (typical reduction = 8.2%). If we used proportional rank instead of alpha versus non-alpha status in the model, we observed a weak effect of rank such that fGCs rose 4.2% from the highest- to lowest-ranking female in the hierarchy. Models using ordinal rank, Elo rating, or high-middle-low categories alone failed to explain variation in female fGCs. Our findings shed new light on the association between dominance rank and the stress response, the competitive landscape of female baboons as compared to males, and the assumptions inherent in a researcher's choice of rank metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Levy
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA,.
| | - Laurence R Gesquiere
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA,.
| | - Emily McLean
- Oxford College of Emory University, 801 Emory Street, Oxford, GA 30054, USA.
| | - Mathias Franz
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Serah N Sayialel
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, PO Box 72211-0020, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Tim L Wango
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, PO Box 72211-0020, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Physiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vivian K Oudu
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, PO Box 72211-0020, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeanne Altmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya,.
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya,; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA,; Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya,; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Portillo-Reyes V, Capps JW, Loya-Mèndez Y, Reyes-Leal G, Quiñones-Soto J. Daily stress and coping strategies: Relationships with anxiety and resilience in preadolescents from Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oltmanns JR, Rivera JR, Cole J, Merchant A, Steiner JP. Personality psychopathology: Longitudinal prediction of change in body mass index and weight post-bariatric surgery. Health Psychol 2020; 39:245-254. [PMID: 31944798 PMCID: PMC7021354 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, which has been increasing worldwide. However, bariatric surgery causes dramatic physical changes that can cause significant stress. Prior research has found that psychological variables such as personality traits and levels of psychopathology can influence success after bariatric surgery (in terms of body mass index [BMI] reduction and weight loss). However, most prior studies have been limited by small sample sizes, inconsistent follow up, and categorical assessment of psychopathology. METHOD The present study examines the predictive utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) scales for three bariatric surgery outcomes (BMI reduction, weight loss, and percent excess weight loss [%EWL]) across 10 follow-up points 5 years after surgery. It also examines the largest sample of bariatric surgery-completing patients (N = 2,267) on the PAI to date. Latent growth modeling was used to examine change in the outcome variables. RESULTS Results indicate that personality and psychopathology variables predicted less BMI reduction, weight loss, and %EWL 5 years after surgery and also affected the trajectories of change in the outcome variables across time. The PAI scales predicted more variance in the 5-year BMI outcomes than did age and gender. The most robust effects were for scales assessing phobias, traumatic stress, identity problems, and negative relationships. CONCLUSION The PAI may be useful to clinical health psychologists who conduct recommended psychological evaluations with potential bariatric surgery candidates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Cole
- Bluegrass Health Psychology
- St. Joseph’s Center for Weight Loss Surgery
| | - Amanda Merchant
- Bluegrass Health Psychology
- St. Joseph’s Center for Weight Loss Surgery
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Ogba FN, Onyishi CN, Ede MO, Ugwuanyi C, Nwokeoma BN, Victor-Aigbodion V, Eze UN, Omeke F, Okorie CO, Ossai OV. Effectiveness of SPACE Model of Cognitive Behavioral Coaching in Management of Occupational Stress in a Sample of School Administrators in South-East Nigeria. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-019-00334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vezzali L, Birtel MD, Di Bernardo GA, Stathi S, Crisp RJ, Cadamuro A, Visintin EP. Don’t hurt my outgroup friend: A multifaceted form of imagined contact promotes intentions to counteract bullying. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430219852404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research has shown that imagined intergroup contact can improve outgroup attitudes. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of a multifaceted form of imagined contact in counteracting bullying in school children, and additionally to test the underlying processes of this effect. Two hundred and fifteen Italian elementary school children took part in a 3-week intervention, where they were asked to imagine a scenario in which they become friends with an unknown disabled child, interact in various social settings, and react to forms of discrimination toward the newly acquired friend. After each session, they discussed collectively what they had imagined. The dependent measures were administered 1 week after the last session. Results revealed that inclusion of an outgroup member in the self mediated the effect of imagined contact on intentions to counteract social exclusion and bullying of disabled children, as well as helping intentions. Imagined contact also promoted greater willingness for outgroup contact via more positive outgroup attitudes and empathy. Our findings are important in delineating new forms of imagined contact, and understanding ways to promote behaviors that defend victims of social exclusion and bullying in school environments.
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Abstract
Patients with cancer may report neuropsychiatric abnormalities including cognitive impairment, behavioral disturbances, and psychiatric disorders that potentially worsen their quality of life, reduce their treatment response, and aggravate their overall prognosis. Neuropsychiatric disturbances have a different pathophysiology, including immuno-inflammatory and neuroendocrine mechanisms, as a consequence of oncologic treatments (chemo- and radio-therapy). Among clinicians involved in the management of such patients, psychiatrists need to pay particular attention in recognizing behavioral disturbances that arise in oncologic patients, and determining those that may be effectively treated with psychotropic medications, psychotherapeutic interventions, and an integration of them. Through the contribution of different clinicians actively involved in the management of oncological patients, the present review is ultimately aimed at updating psychiatrists in relation to the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the onset of cognitive, affective, and behavioral syndromes in these patients, along with epidemiologic and clinical considerations and therapeutic perspectives.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two complex and debilitating psychiatric disorders that result in poor life and destructive behaviors against self and others. Currently, diagnosis is based on subjective rather than objective determinations leading to misdiagnose and ineffective treatments. Advances in novel neurobiological methods have allowed assessment of promising biomarkers to diagnose depression and PTSD, which offers a new means of appropriately treating patients. Areas covered: Biomarkers discovery in blood represents a fundamental tool to predict, diagnose, and monitor treatment efficacy in depression and PTSD. The potential role of altered HPA axis, epigenetics, NPY, BDNF, neurosteroid biosynthesis, the endocannabinoid system, and their function as biomarkers for mood disorders is discussed. Insofar, we propose the identification of a biomarker axis to univocally identify and discriminate disorders with large comorbidity and symptoms overlap, so as to provide a base of support for development of targeted treatments. We also weigh in on the feasibility of a future blood test for early diagnosis. Expert commentary: Potential biomarkers have already been assessed in patients' blood and need to be further validated through multisite large clinical trial stratification. Another challenge is to assess the relation among several interdependent biomarkers to form an axis that identifies a specific disorder and secures the best-individualized treatment. The future of blood-based tests for PTSD and depression is not only on the horizon but, possibly, already around the corner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Aspesi
- a The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- a The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding soccer players' match-related fatigue and recovery profiles likely helps with developing conditioning programs that increase team performance and reduce injuries and illnesses. In order to improve match recovery (the return-to-play process and ergogenic interventions) it is also pivotal to determine if match simulation protocols and actual match-play lead to similar responses. OBJECTIVES (1) To thoroughly describe the development of fatigue during actual soccer match play and its recovery time course in terms of physiological, neuromuscular, technical, biochemical and perceptual responses, and (2) to determine similarities of recovery responses between actual competition (11 vs. 11) and match simulations. METHODS A first screening phase consisted of a systematic search on PubMed (MEDLINE) and SportDiscus databases until March 2016. Inclusion criteria were: longitudinal study with soccer players; match or validated protocol; duration > 45 min; and published in English. RESULTS A total of 77 eligible studies (n = 1105) were used to compute 1196 effect sizes (ES). Half-time assessments revealed small to large alterations in immunological parameters (e.g. leukocytes, ES = 1.9), a moderate decrement in insulin concentration (ES = - 0.9) and a small to moderate impairment in lower-limb muscle function (ES = - 0.5 to - 0.7) and physical performance measures (e.g. linear sprint, ES = - 0.3 to - 1.0). All the systematically analyzed fatigue-related markers were substantially altered at post-match. Hamstrings force production capacity (ES = - 0.7), physical performance (2-4%, ES = 0.3-0.5), creatine kinase (CK, ES = 0.4), well-being (ES = 0.2-0.4) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS, ES = 0.6-1.3) remained substantially impaired at G + 72 h. Compared to simulation protocols, 11 vs. 11 match format (CK, ES = 1.8) induced a greater magnitude of change in muscle damage (i.e. CK, ES = 1.8 vs. 0.7), inflammatory (IL-6, ES = 2.6 vs. 1.1) and immunological markers and DOMS (ES = 1.5 vs. 0.7) than simulation protocols at post-assessments. Neuromuscular performances at post-match did not differ between protocols. CONCLUSION While some parameters are fully recovered (e.g. hormonal and technical), our systematic review shows that a period of 72 h post-match play is not long enough to completely restore homeostatic balance (e.g. muscle damage, physical and well-being status). The extent of the recovery period post-soccer game cannot consist of a 'one size fits all approach'. Additionally, the 'real match' (11 vs. 11 format) likely induces greater magnitudes of perceptual (DOMS) and biochemical alterations (e.g. muscle damage), while neuromuscular alterations were essentially similar. Overall, coaches must adjust the structure and content of the training sessions during the 72-h post-match intervention to effectively manage the training load within this time-frame.
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Nisbett KE, Pinna G. Emerging Therapeutic Role of PPAR-α in Cognition and Emotions. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:998. [PMID: 30356872 PMCID: PMC6190882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khalin E Nisbett
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Li X, Song D, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Hu B. Exploring EEG Features in Cross-Subject Emotion Recognition. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:162. [PMID: 29615853 PMCID: PMC5867345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing cross-subject emotions based on brain imaging data, e.g., EEG, has always been difficult due to the poor generalizability of features across subjects. Thus, systematically exploring the ability of different EEG features to identify emotional information across subjects is crucial. Prior related work has explored this question based only on one or two kinds of features, and different findings and conclusions have been presented. In this work, we aim at a more comprehensive investigation on this question with a wider range of feature types, including 18 kinds of linear and non-linear EEG features. The effectiveness of these features was examined on two publicly accessible datasets, namely, the dataset for emotion analysis using physiological signals (DEAP) and the SJTU emotion EEG dataset (SEED). We adopted the support vector machine (SVM) approach and the "leave-one-subject-out" verification strategy to evaluate recognition performance. Using automatic feature selection methods, the highest mean recognition accuracy of 59.06% (AUC = 0.605) on the DEAP dataset and of 83.33% (AUC = 0.904) on the SEED dataset were reached. Furthermore, using manually operated feature selection on the SEED dataset, we explored the importance of different EEG features in cross-subject emotion recognition from multiple perspectives, including different channels, brain regions, rhythms, and feature types. For example, we found that the Hjorth parameter of mobility in the beta rhythm achieved the best mean recognition accuracy compared to the other features. Through a pilot correlation analysis, we further examined the highly correlated features, for a better understanding of the implications hidden in those features that allow for differentiating cross-subject emotions. Various remarkable observations have been made. The results of this paper validate the possibility of exploring robust EEG features in cross-subject emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dawei Song
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,School of Computing and Communications, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexian Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Miller LS, Shelby RA, Balmadrid MH, Yoon S, Baker JA, Wildermann L, Soo MS. Patient Anxiety Before and Immediately After Imaging-Guided Breast Biopsy Procedures: Impact of Radiologist-Patient Communication. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 13:e62-e71. [PMID: 27814826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate patient anxiety and its association with perceived radiologist-patient communication in the setting of imaging-guided breast biopsy. METHODS After informed consent was obtained, 138 women recommended for imaging-guided breast procedures completed questionnaires immediately before and after biopsies, measuring state anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (range, 20-80). Before biopsies, women also completed questionnaires regarding their perceived communication with the radiologists recommending the procedures (modified Questionnaire on the Quality of Physician-Patient Interaction), demographic characteristics, and medical history; immediately after the biopsies, they completed a measure of perceived communication with the radiologists performing the biopsies. Experience levels (eg, attending radiologist, fellow) of the radiologists recommending and performing the biopsies were recorded. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS Average prebiopsy anxiety was 44.5 ± 12.4 (range, 20-77) on a scale ranging from 20 to 80 points. Perceived communication with radiologists recommending biopsies averaged 52.4 ± 11.5 (range, 18-65). Better communication with radiologists recommending biopsies was significantly associated with lower levels of prebiopsy anxiety (r = -0.22, P = .01). After the biopsies, women's anxiety significantly decreased (paired t = -7.32, P < .001). Better communication with radiologists performing biopsies (mean, 57.8 ± 8.4; range, 32-65) was associated with lower postbiopsy anxiety after accounting for patients' baseline anxiety levels (β = -0.17, P = .04). White women reported higher prebiopsy and postbiopsy anxiety; nonwhite women reported poorer communication with recommending radiologists. CONCLUSIONS Patients' perceptions of better communication with radiologists were associated with lower levels of anxiety before and after biopsies. These results have implications for radiologist training and adherence to mammographic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Miller
- Riverside Radiology and Interventional Associates, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rebecca A Shelby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Sora Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jay A Baker
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liz Wildermann
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary Scott Soo
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Zeng C, Li L, Hong YA, Zhang H, Babbitt AW, Liu C, Li L, Qiao J, Guo Y, Cai W. A structural equation model of perceived and internalized stigma, depression, and suicidal status among people living with HIV/AIDS. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:138. [PMID: 29334959 PMCID: PMC5769512 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown positive association between HIV-related stigma and depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). But few studies have examined the mechanisms among HIV-related stigma, depression, and suicidal status (suicidal ideation and/or suicidal attempt) in PLWH. The current study examined the relationships among perceived and internalized stigma (PIS), depression, and suicidal status among PLWH in Guangzhou, China using structural equation modeling. Methods Cross-sectional study by convenience sampling was conducted and 411 PLWH were recruited from the Number Eight People’s Hospital from March to June, 2013 in Guangzhou, China. Participants were interviewed on their PIS, depressive symptoms, suicidal status, and socio-demographic characteristics. PLWH who had had suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts since HIV diagnosis were considered to be suicidal. Structural equation model was performed to examine the direct and indirect associations of PIS and suicidal status. Indicators to evaluate goodness of fit of the structural equation model included Chi-square Statistic, Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR), and Weighted Root Mean Square Residual (WRMR). Results More than one-third (38.4%) of the PLWH had depressive symptoms and 32.4% reported suicidal ideation and/or attempt since HIV diagnosis. The global model showed good model fit (Chi-square value = 34.42, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.03, WRMR = 0.73). Structural equation model revealed that direct pathway of PIS on suicidal status was significant (standardized pathway coefficient = 0.21), and indirect pathway of PIS on suicidal status via depression was also significant (standardized pathway coefficient = 0.24). There was a partial mediating effect of depression in the association between PIS and suicidal status. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PIS is associated with increased depression and the likelihood of suicidal status. Depression is in turn positively associated with suicidal status and plays a mediating role between PIS and suicidal status. Therefore, to reduce suicidal ideation and attempt in PLWH, targeted interventions to reduce PIS and improve mental health status of PLWH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Number Eight People's Hospital, #627 Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Alicia Hong
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hanxi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Andrew Walker Babbitt
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Number Eight People's Hospital, #627 Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, #283 Jianghai Street, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Jiaying Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Sun Yat-sen Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiping Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Number Eight People's Hospital, #627 Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Dantzer R. Neuroimmune Interactions: From the Brain to the Immune System and Vice Versa. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:477-504. [PMID: 29351513 PMCID: PMC5866360 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the compartmentalization of disciplines that shaped the academic landscape of biology and biomedical sciences in the past, physiological systems have long been studied in isolation from each other. This has particularly been the case for the immune system. As a consequence of its ties with pathology and microbiology, immunology as a discipline has largely grown independently of physiology. Accordingly, it has taken a long time for immunologists to accept the concept that the immune system is not self-regulated but functions in close association with the nervous system. These associations are present at different levels of organization. At the local level, there is clear evidence for the production and use of immune factors by the central nervous system and for the production and use of neuroendocrine mediators by the immune system. Short-range interactions between immune cells and peripheral nerve endings innervating immune organs allow the immune system to recruit local neuronal elements for fine tuning of the immune response. Reciprocally, immune cells and mediators play a regulatory role in the nervous system and participate in the elimination and plasticity of synapses during development as well as in synaptic plasticity at adulthood. At the whole organism level, long-range interactions between immune cells and the central nervous system allow the immune system to engage the rest of the body in the fight against infection from pathogenic microorganisms and permit the nervous system to regulate immune functioning. Alterations in communication pathways between the immune system and the nervous system can account for many pathological conditions that were initially attributed to strict organ dysfunction. This applies in particular to psychiatric disorders and several immune-mediated diseases. This review will show how our understanding of this balance between long-range and short-range interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system has evolved over time, since the first demonstrations of immune influences on brain functions. The necessary complementarity of these two modes of communication will then be discussed. Finally, a few examples will illustrate how dysfunction in these communication pathways results in what was formerly considered in psychiatry and immunology to be strict organ pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
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25
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Bistricky SL, Harper KL, Roberts CM, Cook DM, Schield SL, Bui J, Short MB. Understanding and Promoting Stress Management Practices Among College Students Through an Integrated Health Behavior Model. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2017.1377651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lambert PL, Harrell EH, Kelly K. Anterior Hypothalamic Stimulation Decreases Serum Immunoglobulin G Concentrations. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03395278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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James LM, Engdahl BE, Leuthold AC, Georgopoulos AP. Brain Correlates of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Protection in Gulf War Illness (GWI). EBioMedicine 2016; 13:72-79. [PMID: 27765642 PMCID: PMC5264269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that six alleles from class II genes of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) confer protection from Gulf War Illness (GWI) (Georgopoulos et al., 2015). The most significant effect is exerted on Neurological-Cognitive-Mood (NCM), Pain, and Fatigue symptoms, such that higher number of copies of the protective alleles are associated with lower symptom severity. Here we tested the hypothesis that this effect is exerted by modulating the strength of neural synchronicity. METHODS Eighty-one Gulf War veterans (65 with GWI and 16 healthy controls) underwent a magnetoencephalography (MEG) scan to assess the strength of brain synchronicity by computing zero-lag crosscorrelations (and their Fisher z transforms) between prewhitened MEG time series. A high-resolution HLA genotyping determined the number of copies, k, of the 6 protective alleles above in each participant. We tested the hypothesis above by regressing NCM, Pain and Fatigue symptom severity against the interaction term, k×z (HLA-related effect), while including z (non-HLA-related effect), gender and age as covariates. The k×z and z terms assessed HLA- and non-HLA-related effects, respectively, of neural synchronicity on symptom severity. The distributions of these effects in sensor space were visualized using statistical heatmaps. FINDINGS We found significant, graded HLA- and non-HLA-related effects: (a) NCM>Pain>Fatigue for HLA-related effects, (b) NCM>Fatigue>Pain for non-HLA-related effects, and (c) HLA-related>non-HLA-related effects for all symptoms. These effects had widespread but distinct distributions in sensor space that allowed the orderly separation of the 6 terms (3 symptom domains×2 HLA factors) in a multidimensional plot, where one dimension separated the symptoms and the other the HLA relation. INTERPRETATION These findings demonstrate the presence of substantial, widespread, distinct and orderly HLA- and non-HLA-related neural influences on NCM, Pain and Fatigue symptom severity in GWI. FUNDING U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and University of Minnesota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian E Engdahl
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Arthur C Leuthold
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
The functional theory of psychogenic illness proposes that the human capacity for psychological states to cause physical illness evolved during the Paleolithic as an adaptive mechanism for ensuring mutually interdependent behaviour under conditions when mutual interdependence was essential for survival. This integrative theory is consistent with existing data from several disciplines, including archaeology, anthropology, ecology and health psychology, and leads to two sorts of empirical consequence for health psychology. First, the theory acts as a heuristic for suggesting the most predictive psychological units for use in health psychology: the current weak or inconsistent results may be the consequence of using an inappropriate psychological unit, namely behavioural aggregation. Secondly, the theory provides predictions about how psychological variables should interact with type of disease, age and sex.
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Britt TW, Castro CA, Adler AB. Self-Engagement, Stressors, and Health: A Longitudinal Study. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016; 31:1475-86. [PMID: 16207767 DOI: 10.1177/0146167205276525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined whether engagement in a performance domain could buffer or exacerbate the consequences of different stressors. Soldiers completed measures of engagement in work, work demands (days training, work hours, and subjective work overload), and symptoms at two time periods. Engagement in work interacted with days training and work hours at Time 1 to predict health symptoms at Time 2 (after controlling Time 1 outcomes). Soldiers highly engaged in their jobs were less likely to report negative consequences under high levels of training/work hours in comparison to soldiers disengaged from their jobs. However, engagement in work interacted with work overload in the opposite manner, with high levels of engagement potentiating the relationship between overload and reports of health symptoms. Engagement in a domain appears to buffer individuals from stressors that do not undermine performance but may exacerbate the impact of stressors that compromise performing well in the domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Britt
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Abstract
Stress is a key term in health psychology, marking both conceptual possibilities and legislative failures. Rather than add a further global theory of stress, the term is examined as it operates in numerous kinds of practices. Drawing on qualitative material from varying sources I place emphasis on the role of concern and understanding in the definition of stress as the matter at hand. A discursive approach is used to worry the opposition of scientific and cultural practice in stress research and point instead to the notion of specific problematizations that appear in the rich fabric of the term's definition and description. I propose that attention to the details of a textuality of stress marks a step towards a 'modest' health psychology.
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Abstract
The relation between personality traits, environmental stressors and their impact, coping behaviors, and health status was examined, as were pathways through which health is influenced by these individual difference variables. It was hypothesized that personality predicts susceptibility to stressors and coping mechanisms that modify the cognitive and affective reactions that influence health status. Two hundred and eighty- four university students completed self-report questionnaires. Ego resilience, low neuroticism, hardiness, internal locus of control, and extraversion loaded on a factor moderately related, indirectly, to health status. A path analysis testing sexes separately revealed that men with a vital personality (i.e. emotionally calm but flexible, self-reliant, and hardy) reported perceiving fewer environmental threats, using more efficacious coping behaviors, and experiencing lower levels of negative affect and better health status than did less self-possessed persons. Similar results emerged for women except that stressors predicted health status independently of personality influences. Moreover, the use of wishful thinking predicted health status directly for men but not for women. Personality appears to be related to poor health, through ineffective coping and consequent negative affect.
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Martin RA. Is Laughter the Best Medicine? Humor, Laughter, and Physical Health. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This article examines research evidence for the popular idea that humor and laughter have beneficial effects on physical health. Potential theoretical mechanisms for such effects are discussed first. Empirical evidence for beneficial effects of humor and laughter on immunity, pain tolerance, blood pressure, longevity, and illness symptoms is then summarized. Overall, the evidence for health benefits of humor and laughter is less conclusive than commonly believed. Future research in this area needs to be more theoretically driven and methodologically rigorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod A. Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Klonoff EA, Landrine H, Campbell R. Sexist Discrimination May Account for Well-Known Gender Differences in Psychiatric Symptoms. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that women may have more depressive, anxious, and somatic symptoms than men because they experience a deleterious stressor that men do not: sexist treatment. A total of 255 students (180 females, 75 males) at a state university completed an anonymous questionnaire containing measures of these symptoms. Women were found to exhibit significantly greater symptoms than men on all of them. Further, women who experienced frequent sexism had significantly more symptoms than men on all symptom measures, whereas women who experienced little sexism did not differ from men on any symptom measure. These findings suggest that gender-specific stressors not only play a role in psychiatric symptoms among women but may account for well-known gender differences in those symptoms as well.
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Jones DJ, O'Connell C, Gound M, Heller L, Forehand R. Predictors of Self-Reported Physical Symptoms in Low-Income, Inner-City African American Women: The Role of Optimism, Depressive Symptoms, and Chronic Illness. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined the association of optimism and depressive symptoms with self-reported physical symptoms in 241 low-income, inner-city African American women with or without a chronic illness (HIV). Although optimism was not a unique predictor of self-reported physical symptoms over and above depressive symptoms, optimism interacted with depressive symptoms and health status. In the community sample, but not the chronically ill sample, optimism buffered the association between depressive symptoms and self-reported physical symptoms. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Gound
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia
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Jakubiak BK, Feeney BC. Affectionate Touch to Promote Relational, Psychological, and Physical Well-Being in Adulthood: A Theoretical Model and Review of the Research. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 21:228-252. [DOI: 10.1177/1088868316650307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the life span, individuals engage in affectionate touch with close others. Touch receipt promotes well-being in infancy, but the impacts of touch in adult close relationships have been largely unexplored. In this article, we propose that affectionate touch receipt promotes relational, psychological, and physical well-being in adulthood, and we present a theoretical mechanistic model to explain why affectionate touch may promote these outcomes. The model includes pathways through which touch could affect well-being by reducing stress and by promoting well-being independent of stress. Specifically, two immediate outcomes of affectionate touch receipt—relational-cognitive changes and neurobiological changes—are described as important mechanisms underlying the effects of affectionate touch on well-being. We also review and evaluate the existing research linking affectionate touch to well-being in adulthood and propose an agenda to advance research in this area. This theoretical perspective provides a foundation for future work on touch in adult close relationships.
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Ashong G, Rogers H, Botwe B, Anim-Sampong S. Effects of occupational stress and coping mechanisms adopted by radiographers in Ghana. Radiography (Lond) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Protopopova A. Effects of sheltering on physiology, immune function, behavior, and the welfare of dogs. Physiol Behav 2016; 159:95-103. [PMID: 26996275 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 4 million dogs live in animal shelters each year. However, understanding and measuring the welfare of these kenneled dogs presents a challenge. One way to determine welfare is by assessing how stay at the shelter influences physiology, immune function, and behavior of the dogs. Prior research, from all of these domains, has not resulted in clear conclusions on how the animal shelter influences the well-being of dogs. One robust finding is that, when placed into a kennel environment, dogs experience a spike in cortisol levels followed by a decrease to original at-home levels. Current evidence cannot differentiate between several proposed hypotheses that may be responsible for this pattern. In addition, very few studies have assessed the effects of kenneling on immune function of dogs, and of these, no consistent findings have emerged. However, this line of inquiry can have a large impact as infectious diseases are rampant in animal shelters. The ability of behavioral measures to inform us about the welfare of dogs is discussed by reviewing published and new data on the effects of kenneling on dog behavior. Prior research has suffered from a lack of consistent operational definitions when defining abnormal behavior in dogs, resulting in difficult to interpret results. Research on the well-being of individual dogs, rather than on group averages, may be a fruitful next step in determining and improving the welfare of dogs housed in shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Protopopova
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Tang Y, Qu J, Wu J, Liu H, Chu T, Xiao J, Zhou Y. Effect of Surgery on Quality of Life of Patients with Spinal Metastasis from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:396-402. [PMID: 26935462 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.o.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, more clinicians have realized the importance of quality of life in the treatment decision-making process. The goal of this study was to determine whether surgery for patients with spinal metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could improve their quality of life and prolong survival. METHODS The study included 133 patients who had been treated for NSCLC spinal metastases between 2010 and 2014. These patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they had received spinal surgery. Their quality of life was assessed with use of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire at the initial diagnosis (baseline) and at one, three, six, and nine months after the diagnosis. The survival times of all patients were also collected. RESULTS Of the 133 patients, eighty-six (forty-five in the surgery group and forty-one in the non-surgery group) survived for nine months and were assessed at all of the follow-up intervals. The surgery group had significantly higher total, physical well-being, emotional well-being, and functional well-being quality-of-life scores at each follow-up time point as compared with baseline (p < 0.001) as well as compared with the non-surgery group (p < 0.001). A log-rank test demonstrated that the surgery group had longer survival than the non-surgery group (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that surgical treatment improved the quality of life of patients with NSCLC spinal metastases over the nine-month assessment period. The surgery group had a better quality of life and longer survival than the non-surgery group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Qu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, No. 44 Military Hospital, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongwei Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Bone Tumors, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Hergenrather KC, Zeglin RJ, Conyers L, Misrok M, Rhodes SD. Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: Employment as a Social Determinant of Health. REHABILITATION RESEARCH POLICY AND EDUCATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1891/2168-6653.30.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: For persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has increased their longevity and quality of life. As HIV progresses, many PLWHA present declined domains of functioning that impede their ability to work. The authors explore employment as a social determinant of health to identify issues impacting employment outcomes for PLWHA.Methods: The authors reviewed the literature addressing HIV across the domains of mental health functioning, neurocognitive functioning, and physical function and employment.Results: When providing employment services to PLWHA, considerations for rehabilitation practitioners and educators include HIV/AIDS education, functional assessment, social support, considerations for women with HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV/AIDS stigma, and employment resources for PLWHA.Conclusion: With more than 1.2 million PLWHA in the United States, and most of new infections among persons 25–44 years of age, the prevalence of PLWHA seeking employment and inclusive of the U.S. workforce will continue to increase. Proving employment services for PLWHA is a complex process that is best served by an integrative service approach.
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Quinn CJ, Burns PD, Gibson NM, Bashore A, Hayward R, Hydock DS. Effects of Chronic Endurance Exercise on Doxorubicin-Induced Thymic Damage. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 15:535-541. [PMID: 26590123 DOI: 10.1177/1534735415617014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of prior exercise training has shown promise in minimizing doxorubicin (DOX)-induced physical impairments. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in thymus mass, thymocyte (T-cell) number, and tissue peroxidation following chronic endurance exercise and DOX treatment in the rat. The thymus mass, number of viable T-cells, and levels of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA+4-HAE) were compared 3 days post-injection between rats assigned to the following treatment conditions: (a) 10 weeks of endurance training, followed by a saline injection 24 hours after the last training session (TM+SAL); (b) treadmill training as above, followed by a single, bolus 10-mg/kg injection of DOX (TM+10); (c) treadmill training with 12.5 mg/kg of DOX (TM+12.5); (d) sedentary (without exercise) and a saline injection (SED+SAL); (e) sedentary with 10 mg/kg of DOX (SED+10); and (f) sedentary with 12.5 mg/kg (SED+12.5). Thymic mass and T-cell numbers significantly decreased following DOX injections. TM rats exhibited significantly less lipid peroxidation compared with paired-dose SED groups. TM+10 did not significantly differ from SED+SAL in thymic levels of lipid peroxidation. We conclude that chronic endurance exercise decreases levels of lipid peroxidation in the thymus seen with acute DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex Bashore
- University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Reid Hayward
- University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
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41
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Evolved individual differences: Advancing a condition-dependent model of personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Social identities are associated with normative standards for thought and action, profoundly influencing the behavioral choices of individual group members. These social norms provide frameworks for identifying the most appropriate actions in any situation. Given the increasing complexity of the social world, however, individuals are more and more likely to identify strongly with multiple social groups simultaneously. When these groups provide divergent behavioral norms, individuals can experience social identity conflict. The current manuscript examines the nature and consequences of this socially conflicted state, drawing upon advances in our understanding of the neuropsychology of conflict and uncertainty. Identity conflicts are proposed to involve activity in the Behavioral Inhibition System, which in turn produces high levels of anxiety and stress. Building upon this framework, four strategies for resolving identity conflict are reviewed.
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43
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Nixon AE, Spector PE. Seeking Clarity in a Linguistic Fog: Moderators of the Workplace Aggression-Strain Relationship. HUMAN PERFORMANCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08959285.2015.1006325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Dalmida SG, Koenig HG, Holstad MM, Thomas TL. Religious and Psychosocial Covariates of Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV/AIDS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1. [PMID: 31098393 PMCID: PMC6516789 DOI: 10.17140/hartoj-1-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is a chronic, highly stigmatized illness that requires significant lifestyle adjustments, including consistent adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in order for People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWH) to survive and maintain good immune health. PLWH often report poor or moderate Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) that is worse than the general population. This may be related to the psychological and physiological demands of HIV disease and the sociodemographic stressors associated with it. The role of religious coping, religiosity, and social support in the mental and physical dimensions of HRQoL is less known, although recent studies highlight that PLWH rely on spirituality/religion to cope with HIV-associated stressors. This study examined the effects of religious coping, religiosity, depressive symptoms, medication adherence, and social support satisfaction in various dimensions of Health- Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in a sample of 292 PLWH. Majority of participants were African-American (90.1%) and 56.2% were male. Mean age was 45 years and, on average, participants lived with HIV for nearly 11 years. Descriptive statistics, correlations, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and hierarchical multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Income, sex (β= .14), age (β= -.14), depressive symptoms (β= -.27), and social support satisfaction (β= .17) significantly predicted physical HRQoL. Results indicate that income (β= .13), sex (β= .14), medication adherence (β= .13), negative religious coping (β= -.18), religious attendance (β= .13), religiousness (β= .16), and social support satisfaction (β= .27) significantly predicted mental HRQoL. Depressive symptoms (β= -.38), positive religious coping (β= .24), and social support satisfaction (β= .16) significantly predicted general HRQoL. Participants, who were female, prayed less than daily, attended religious services less than weekly or who were non/less religious had significantly poorer HRQoL. The findings confirm the importance of religion, mental health, medication adherence and social support in the HRQoL of PLWH, which should all be routinely assessed by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya George Dalmida
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcia McDonnell Holstad
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tami L Thomas
- Nicole Werthiem College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Brandt CP, Bakhshaie J, Zvolensky MJ, Grover KW, Gonzalez A. The examination of emotion dysregulation as a moderator of depression and HIV-relevant outcome relations among an HIV+sample. Cogn Behav Ther 2014; 44:9-20. [PMID: 25243931 PMCID: PMC11846043 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2014.950323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether emotion dysregulation moderated the relations between depressive symptoms and HIV symptoms, HIV medication adherence due to medication side effects, avoidant coping, and distress tolerance among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Participants included 115 PLHA (16.8% female; Mage = 49.70, SD = 8.57). Results indicated that there was a significant interaction between depressive symptoms and emotion dysregulation in relation to HIV symptoms, HIV medication adherence due to medication side effects, avoidant coping, and distress tolerance. The form of the interaction indicated that PLHA experiencing higher depressive symptoms and higher levels of emotion dysregulation reported the highest levels of HIV symptoms and lowest levels of distress tolerance. Additionally, results indicated that at lower levels of depressive symptoms, very high levels of emotion dysregulation predicted higher rates of medication nonadherence, whereas at higher levels of depressive symptoms, very high levels of emotion dysregulation predicted the lowest rates of medication nonadherence. Moreover, those experiencing lower levels of depressive symptoms and higher levels of emotion dysregulation reported the greatest rates of avoidant coping. In total, the present results suggest a complex interplay between emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms with regard to HIV symptoms, medication nonadherence, and self-regulatory processes (e.g., avoidant coping, distress tolerance) among PLHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristin W. Grover
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Adam Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Kibler JL, Tursich M, Ma M, Malcolm L, Greenbarg R. Metabolic, autonomic and immune markers for cardiovascular disease in posttraumatic stress disorder. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:455-461. [PMID: 24976918 PMCID: PMC4072836 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with significantly greater incidence of heart disease. Numerous studies have indicated that health problems for individuals with PTSD occur earlier in life than in the general population. Multiple mechanistic pathways have been suggested to explain cardiovascular disese (CVD) risk in PTSD, including neurochemical, behavioral, and immunological changes. The present paper is a review of recent research that examines cardiovascular and immune risk profiles of individuals with PTSD. First, we address the relatively new evidence that the constellation of risk factors commonly experienced in PTSD fits the profile of metabolic syndrome. Next we examine the findings concerning hypertension/blood pressure in particular. The literature on sympathetic and parasympathetic responsivity in PTSD is reviewed. Last, we discuss recent findings concerning immune functioning in PTSD that may have a bearing on the high rates of CVD and other illnesses. Our primary goal is to synthesize the existing literature by examining factors that overlap mechanistically to increase the risk of developing CVD in PTSD.
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Terry ML, Leary MR, Mehta S, Henderson K. Self-compassionate reactions to health threats. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2014; 39:911-26. [PMID: 23813424 DOI: 10.1177/0146167213488213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Four studies investigated the relationship between self-compassion, health behaviors, and reactions to illness. Participants completed measures of self-compassion, health-related thoughts and feelings, reactions to actual and hypothetical illnesses, and self-regulation. Study 1 revealed that self-compassion was related to health-related cognitions and affect for healthy and unhealthy participants. In Study 2, self-compassion predicted participants' reactions to actual illnesses beyond the influence of illness severity and other predictors of health behaviors. Self-compassionate people also indicated they would seek medical attention sooner when experiencing symptoms than people lower in self-compassion. Study 3 demonstrated that self-compassion is related to health-promoting behaviors even after accounting for self-regulatory capabilities and illness cognitions. Study 4 revealed that the relationship between self-compassion and health reactions is partially explained by a proactive approach to health, benevolent self-talk, and a motivation toward self-kindness. Overall, these studies demonstrate that self-compassion has important implications for health-promoting behaviors and reactions to illness.
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Sabo S, Shaw S, Ingram M, Teufel-Shone N, Carvajal S, de Zapien JG, Rosales C, Redondo F, Garcia G, Rubio-Goldsmith R. Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US-Mexico border. Soc Sci Med 2014; 109:66-74. [PMID: 24705336 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immigration laws that militarize communities may exacerbate ethno-racial health disparities. We aimed to document the prevalence of and ways in which immigration enforcement policy and militarization of the US-Mexico border is experienced as everyday violence. Militarization is defined as the saturation of and pervasive encounters with immigration officials including local police enacting immigration and border enforcement policy with military style tactics and weapons. Data were drawn from a random household sample of US citizen and permanent residents of Mexican descent in the Arizona border region (2006-2008). Qualitative and quantitative data documented the frequency and nature of immigration related profiling, mistreatment and resistance to institutionalized victimization. Participants described living and working in a highly militarized environment, wherein immigration-related profiling and mistreatment were common immigration law enforcement practices. Approximately 25% of respondents described an immigration-related mistreatment episode, of which 62% were personally victimized. Nearly 75% of episodes occurred in a community location rather than at a US port of entry. Participant mistreatment narratives suggest the normalization of immigration-related mistreatment among the population. Given border security remains at the core of immigration reform debates, it is imperative that scholars advance the understanding of the public health impact of such enforcement policies on the daily lives of Mexican-origin US permanent residents, and their non-immigrant US citizen co-ethnics. Immigration policy that sanctions institutional practices of discrimination, such as ethno-racial profiling and mistreatment, are forms of structural racism and everyday violence. Metrics and systems for monitoring immigration and border enforcement policies and institutional practices deleterious to the health of US citizens and residents should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sabo
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Arizona Prevention Research Center, United States.
| | - Susan Shaw
- University of Arizona, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Anthropology, United States
| | - Maia Ingram
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Arizona Prevention Research Center, United States
| | - Nicolette Teufel-Shone
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion Science, United States
| | - Scott Carvajal
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Arizona Prevention Research Center, United States
| | - Jill Guernsey de Zapien
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Arizona Prevention Research Center, United States
| | - Cecilia Rosales
- University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Division of Community, Environment, and Policy, United States
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Friedman-Krauss AH, Raver CC, Neuspiel JM, Kinsel J. Child Behavior Problems, Teacher Executive Functions, and Teacher Stress in Head Start Classrooms. EARLY EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT 2013; 25:681-702. [PMID: 28596698 PMCID: PMC5460986 DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2013.825190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH FINDINGS The current article explores the relationship between teachers' perceptions of child behavior problems and preschool teacher job stress, as well as the possibility that teachers' executive functions moderate this relationship. Data came from 69 preschool teachers in 31 early childhood classrooms in 4 Head Start centers and were collected using Web-based surveys and Web-based direct assessment tasks. Multilevel models revealed that higher levels of teachers' perceptions of child behavior problems were associated with higher levels of teacher job stress and that higher teacher executive function skills were related to lower job stress. However, findings did not yield evidence for teacher executive functions as a statistical moderator. PRACTICE OR POLICY Many early childhood teachers do not receive sufficient training for handling children's challenging behaviors. Child behavior problems increase a teacher's workload and consequently may contribute to feelings of stress. However, teachers' executive function abilities may enable them to use effective, cognitive-based behavior management and instructional strategies during interactions with students, which may reduce stress. Providing teachers with training on managing challenging behaviors and enhancing executive functions may reduce their stress and facilitate their use of effective classroom practices, which is important for children's school readiness skills and teachers' health.
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50
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Review of existing experimental methods for assessing the outcome of plant food supplementation on immune function. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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