Bioactivity of dressings based on platelet-rich plasma and Platelet-rich fibrin for tissue regeneration in animal model

Figure 1 Evolution of skin wound closure on D3, D7, D14, and D21. A: Skin wound area (cm²); B: Representative image of the visual wound area; C: Wound contraction rate. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM for 8 animals per group. ^aP < 0.05 vs the Carbopol group. ^bP < 0.05 vs the platelet-rich fibrin group. ^cP < 0.05 vs the platelet-rich fibrin + CaCl₂ group. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Error bars: Standard error of the mean. Bar = indicates image scale (1 cm). PRF: Platelet-rich fibrin; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.

Figure 2 Macroscopic analysis of skin wounds on D3, D7, D14, and D21. A: Wound appearance; B: Type of exudate; C: Reepithelialization. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM for 8 animals per group. ^aP < 0.05 vs the Carbopol and platelet-rich fibrin groups. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Error bars: Standard error of the mean. Bar = indicates image scale (1 cm). PRF: Platelet-rich fibrin; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.

Figure 3 Microscopic analysis of skin wounds on D3, D7, D14, and D21. A: Presence of neoangiogenesis; B: Fibroblast proliferation; C: Inflammatory infiltrate; D: Collagenization. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM for 8 animals per group. ^aP < 0.05 vs the Carbopol group. ^bP < 0.05 vs the platelet-rich fibrin group. ^cP < 0.05 vs the platelet-rich fibrin + CaCl₂ group. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Error bars: Standard error of the mean. Bar = indicates image scale (1 cm). PRF: Platelet-rich fibrin; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.

Figure 4 Representative image of the skin wound healing process. Photomicrograph of histological sections of skin wounds from carbopol, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), PRF + CaCl₂, and platelet-rich plasma groups, at D3, D7, D14, and D21. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, 100 × magnification. Black arrow: neovascularization; Write arrow: fibroblast proliferation; Arrowhead: inflammatory cells. PRF: Platelet-rich fibrin; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.

Figure 5 Analysis of collagenization in skin wounds. A: Inference of collagen amount (collagenization); B: Photomicrograph of histological sections of skin wounds from Carbopol, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), PRF + CaCl₂, and platelet-rich plasma groups, at D3, D7, D14, and D21. TM staining, 100 × magnification. ^aP < 0.05 vs the Carbopol group. ^bP < 0.05 vs the platelet-rich fibrin group. ^cP < 0.05 vs compared to the Carbopol and platelet-rich fibrin + CaCl₂ groups. ^dP < 0.05 vs the platelet-rich fibrin + CaCl₂ group. ^eP < 0.05 vs the Carbopol and platelet-rich fibrin groups. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Error bars: Standard error of the mean. PRF: Platelet-rich fibrin; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma.