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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Biol Chem. Mar 27, 2023; 14(2): 40-51
Published online Mar 27, 2023. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v14.i2.40
Published online Mar 27, 2023. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v14.i2.40
Temporal pattern of humoral immune response in mild cases of COVID-19
Isadora Maria Pilati Campos, Milena Marques, Ana Paula Carneiro Brandalize, Mauricio Bedim dos Santos, Kádima Nayara Teixeira, Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo 85.919-899, Paraná, Brazil
Gabrielle Caroline Peiter, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina 85.950-000, Paraná, Brazil
Fabrício Freire de Melo, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
Author contributions: Teixeira KN and Brandalize APC designed, coordinated the study and interpreted the data; Pilati Campos IM and Peiter GC carried out the experiments, acquired and analyzed data; dos Santo MB carried out the statistical analyses; Pilati Campos IM and Marques M reviewed the literature and wrote the manuscript; Teixeira KN and de Melo FF reviewed the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for research with humans of the Setor de Ciências da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)/Brazil (Protocol no. 35872520.8.0000.0102).
Informed consent statement: All study participants were over 18 years old, and they read and signed the informed consent statement.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The study participants gave informed consent for data disclosure in an anonymous way, without exposing their identity.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Kádima Nayara Teixeira, PhD, Professor, Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Biopark-Avenida Max Planck, 3796, Toledo 85.919-899, Paraná, Brazil. kadimateixeira@ufpr.br
Received: August 28, 2022
Peer-review started: August 28, 2022
First decision: November 30, 2022
Revised: December 8, 2022
Accepted: February 2, 2023
Article in press: February 2, 2023
Published online: March 27, 2023
Peer-review started: August 28, 2022
First decision: November 30, 2022
Revised: December 8, 2022
Accepted: February 2, 2023
Article in press: February 2, 2023
Published online: March 27, 2023
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study suggests that no precise temporal pattern of humoral immunoglobulin G (IgG) response could be established. This fact suggests the absence of a robust immunological memory in mild cases of coronavirus 2019 disease, and furthermore, due to the lack of association between IgG response and age group, in mild cases of the disease the elderly do not appear to be a risk group for infection.