Published online Aug 26, 2015. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.57
Peer-review started: March 7, 2015
First decision: April 10, 2015
Revised: May 20, 2015
Accepted: May 27, 2015
Article in press: May 28, 2015
Published online: August 26, 2015
Processing time: 172 Days and 10.8 Hours
The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are responsible for tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance might lead to a new thinking on cancer treatments. Similar to stem cells, CSCs also display high resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy with genotoxic agents. Thus, conventional therapy may shrink the tumor volume but cannot eliminate cancer. Eradiation of CSCs represents a novel therapeutic strategy. CSCs possess a highly efficient DNA damage response (DDR) system, which is considered as a contributor to the resistance of these cells from exposures to DNA damaging agents. Targeting of enhanced DDR in CSCs is thus proposed to facilitate the eradication of CSCs by conventional therapeutics. To achieve this aim, a better understanding of the cellular responses to DNA damage in CSCs is needed. In addition to the protein kinases and enzymes that are involved in DDR, other processes that affect the DDR including chromatin remodeling should also be explored.
Core tip: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be at the root of cancer recurrence and therapeutic resistance. Eradication of CSCs could be a key to successful cancer therapeutics. Studies have shown that CSCs possess highly efficient ability to process DNA damage. This elevated DNA damage response (DDR) is believed to be responsible for the resistance to DNA damaging agents. Thus, targeting enhanced DDR in CSCs may be a promising strategy to facilitate elimination of these highly tumorigenic cells by conventional therapies.