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World J Biol Chem. Nov 26, 2014; 5(4): 398-408
Published online Nov 26, 2014. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i4.398
Insight into the mechanisms and functions of spliceosomal snRNA pseudouridylation
Hironori Adachi, Yi-Tao Yu
Hironori Adachi, Yi-Tao Yu, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
Author contributions: Both of the authors contributed to this paper.
Supported by Grants from the National Institute of Health to Yi-Tao Yu, No. GM104077 and AG39559; and by the University of Rochester CTSA award (to Yi-Tao Yu) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institute of Health, No. UL1TR000042
Correspondence to: Yi-Tao Yu, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. yi-tao_yu@urmc.rochester.edu
Telephone: +1-585-2751271 Fax: +1-585-2756007
Received: December 12, 2013
Revised: July 16, 2014
Accepted: September 4, 2014
Published online: November 26, 2014
Processing time: 355 Days and 7.6 Hours
Abstract

Pseudouridines (Ψs) are the most abundant and highly conserved modified nucleotides found in various stable RNAs of all organisms. Most Ψs are clustered in regions that are functionally important for pre-mRNA splicing. Ψ has an extra hydrogen bond donor that endows RNA molecules with distinct properties that contribute significantly to RNA-mediated cellular processes. Experimental data indicate that spliceosomal snRNA pseudouridylation can be catalyzed by both RNA-dependent and RNA-independent mechanisms. Recent work has also demonstrated that pseudouridylation can be induced at novel positions under stress conditions, suggesting a regulatory role for Ψ.

Keywords: Pre-mRNA splicing; U2 snRNA; Box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein; Pseudouridine; Induced RNA modification

Core tip: Pseudouridines (Ψs) are the most abundant and highly conserved modified nucleotides identified in various stable RNAs of all organisms. Most Ψs are clustered in regions that are functionally important for pre-mRNA splicing. Ψ has an extra hydrogen bond donor that endows RNA molecules with distinct properties that contribute significantly to RNA-mediated cellular processes. Experimental data indicate that spliceosomal snRNA pseudouridylation can be catalyzed by both RNA-dependent and RNA-independent mechanisms. Recent work has also demonstrated that pseudouridylation can be induced at novel positions under stress conditions, suggesting a regulatory role for Ψ.