Perinatal risk factors in newborns with gastrointestinal perforation

Table 1 Perinatal risk factors n (%)

Perinatal risk factor	GIP n = 35	Control group n = 76
Maternal age (years, min-max)	26 (18-44)	28 (18-41)
Maternal parity
Primipara	20 (58.8)	35 (46.7)
Secundipara	10 (29.4)	27 (36.0)
Multipara	4 (11.7)	13 (17.4)
EPH gestosis-preeclampsia	5 (15.2)	2 (2.6)
Prolonged membrane rupture	5 (15.2)	13 (17.1)
Breech presentation	5 (15.2)	7 (9.2)
Cesarean section	11 (32.4)	17 (22.4)
Sex (male)	19 (54.3)	38 (50.0)
Apgar score at 1 min
0-3 (severe hypoxia)	2 (5.9)	1 (1.3)
4-7 (moderate hypoxia)	13 (38.2)	23 (30.3)
8-10 (normal vitality)	19 (55.9)	52 (68.4)
Birth weight (BW)
< 1500 g (very low BW)	8 (22.9)	7 (9.2)a
1500-2499 g (low BW)	4 (11.4)	24 (31.6)
≥ 2500 g (normal BW)	23 (65.7)	45 (59.2)
Birth lenght (cm)	47 (34-53)	48 (32-55)

^aP < 0.05 (χ²-test). GIP: Gastrointestinal perforation; EPH gestosis: Edema, proteinuria, hypertension (EPH) gestosis.

Table 2 Number (%) of newborns according to ponderal index mean value: arithmetic mean ± SD, birth weight and birth length percentiles

Variable	GIP n = 35	Control group n = 76
PI, mean ± SD, g/cm3	2.53 ± 0.3	2.52 ± 0.3
BW, %
SGA (< 10th percentile)	31.4	13.2a
AGA (10th-90th percentile)	51.4	77.6
LGA (> 90th percentile)	17.1	9.2
BL, %
< 10th percentile	18.2	9.2
10th-90th percentile	66.7	84.2
> 90th percentile	15.2	6.6

^aP < 0.05 (χ²-test). SGA: Small for gestational age; AGA: Appropriate for gestational age; LGA: Large for gestational age.

Table 3 Postnatal risk factors n (%)

Variable	GIP (n = 35)	Control group (n = 76)
RDS	13 (38.2)	29 (38.1)
RDS + mechanical ventilation	12 (35.3)	14 (18.4)
CVUC	5 (14.7)	9 (11.8)
Positive blood culture	4 (11.8)	11 (14.5)
Polycythemia1	5 (14.3)	6 (7.9)
Anemia2	9 (25.7)	3 (3.9)a

¹Polycythemia was defined as hematocrit > 0.60;

²Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level < 140 g/L in venous blood;

^aP < 0.05 (χ²-test). RDS: Respiratory distress syndrome; CVUC: Central venous umbilical catheter.

Table 4 Logistic regression results n (%)

Risk factor	GIP n = 35	Control group n = 76	OR (95%CI)
Hypotrophy	11 (31.4)	10 (13.2)	3 (1.14-8)a
Eutrophy and hypertrophy	24 (68.5)	66 (86.8)
With anemia	9 (25.7)	3 (3.9)	8.4 (2.1-33)a
Without anemia	26 (74.3)	73 (96.1)

^aP < 0.05.

Table 5 Multiple logistic regression results

Risk factor	OR	95%CI
Birth weight < 10th percentile for gestational age (hypotrophy)	4.01a	1.45-11.2
Anemia	10.9a	2.6-45

^aP < 0.05.