Extracellular matrix gene set and microRNA network in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: Insights from RNA sequencing for diagnosis and therapy

Table 1 RNA sequencing exploration of RNA-regulated extracellular matrix gene sets

Gene	miRNA regulation	miRNA regulation
COL1A2	miR-29 family (miR-29a/b/c) targets COL1A2 mRNA, inhibiting its expression	COL1A2 mRNA stability and translation are regulated by RNA-binding proteins such as HuR and TIA-1/TIAR
THY1	miR-21 and miR-199a suppress THY1 expression	THY1 mRNA expression is regulated by various extracellular matrix factors (e.g., TGF-β and FGF-2) and their receptors
IL10	miR-106b and miR-155 reduce IL10 expression by targeting IL10 mRNA	IL10 expression is regulated by inflammation-related signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB and STAT3)
MMP2	miR-21, miR-221/222, and other miRNAs regulate MMP2 expression by targeting MMP2 mRNA	MMP2 expression is regulated by various extracellular matrix molecules (e.g., ECM components) and their receptors
SERPINH1	miR-29 family (miR-29a/b/c) targets SERPINH1 mRNA, inhibiting its expression	SERPINH1 expression is regulated by extracellular matrix components (e.g., collagen) and related signaling pathways
COL3A1	miR-29 family (miR-29a/b/c) regulates COL3A1 expression by targeting its mRNA	COL3A1 expression is regulated by extracellular matrix components and related signaling pathways
COL14A1	miR-29 family (miR-29a/b/c) affects COL14A1 expression by targeting its mRNA	COL14A1 expression is regulated by extracellular matrix components and related signaling pathways
P4HA1	miR-124, miR-29 family (miR-29a/b/c), and other miRNAs regulate P4HA1 mRNA expression levels	P4HA1 expression is regulated by oxygen concentration and extracellular matrix environment (e.g., collagen content)

miRNA: MicroRNA; MMP2: Matrix metalloproteinase 2; ECM: Extracellular matrix.

Table 2 MicroRNAs exerting effects in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

miRNA	Meaning	Target	Pathway	Function	Role in IIRI
miR-21	A kind of promoting miRNA	Inhibits PTEN expression and PDCD4 expression	Activating PI3K/AKT pathway	Regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory reaction	miR-21 may function by inhibiting ROS generation, alleviating cellular apoptosis, and reducing inflammatory responses
miR-29a	N/A	Inhibits the expression of COL3A1 and COL1A1	N/A	Regulates collagen expression	miR-29a may regulate the expression levels of collagen proteins, influencing the repair and reconstruction processes of the intestinal mucosa
miR-93	N/A	Inhibits the expression of PTEN and other negative regulatory genes	Promotes the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway	Participates in regulating angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and anti-apoptosis	miR-93 may contribute to the restoration of intestinal tissue function by promoting vascular regeneration and inhibiting cell apoptosis
miR-125b	N/A	N/A	Regulating NF-κB signaling pathway	Inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors (such as TNF-α and IL-6), reduces inflammation and cellular damage, and participates in regulating inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis	miR-125b may protect the intestinal mucosa from injury by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and regulating apoptosis pathways
miR-142-3p	N/A	N/A	N/A	Plays a role in immune regulation and inflammatory responses	miR-142-3p may influence post-injury inflammation levels and tissue repair processes by regulating the activation state of inflammatory cells and immune cell responses
miR-155	Key inflammatory-associated miRNA	N/A	Regulating TLR signaling pathway and activation of NF-κB	Participates in regulating the activation of immune cells and the expression of inflammatory factors	miR-155 may influence the recovery of intestinal tissue and post-inflammatory repair processes by regulating the intensity and timing of inflammatory responses
miR-200a	N/A	N/A	Inhibits the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2	N/A	miR-200a may promote the restoration and protection of intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and function by inhibiting the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2, thereby regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and cell migration capability in intestinal epithelial cells
miR-210	A kind of promoting miRNA	Affects the expression of VEGF in extracellular matrix	N/A	Participates in regulating EMT and cell migration	miR-210 may contribute to the protection and repair of injured intestinal tissue by promoting cellular hypoxia adaptation and vascular regeneration capability
miR-347	N/A	N/A	N/A	It may be involved in regulating cell metabolism and immune response	The mechanism of action of miR-347 may involve regulating cellular energy metabolism and immune cell activity, influencing the repair process of the intestine after injury

miRNA: MicroRNA; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TLR: Toll-like receptor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; IIRI: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.