Advancing gastrointestinal stromal tumor management: The role of imagomics features in precision risk assessment

Table 1 Clinical and pathological data of the low-risk group and the high-risk group, n (%)

	Low-risk group (n = 80)	High-risk group (n = 52)	P value
Age (years)	58.2 ± 13.1	68.6 ± 10.0	< 0.001
Gender			0.482
Female	44 (55.0)	24 (46.2)
Male	36 (45.0)	28 (53.8)
Maximal longitudinal diameter (cm)	5.8 ± 2.5	10.2 ± 2.8	< 0.001
The position of the tumor			0.270
Stomach	48 (60.0)	24 (46.2)
Gastric extracorporeal	32 (40.0)	28 (53.8)
Mitotic figures in pathology (50/HPF)			< 0.001
≤ 5	72 (90.0)	10 (23.8)
> 5	8 (10.0)	42 (76.2)

HPF: High power field.

Table 2 The optimal radiomic feature set selected through dimensionality reduction of partial sequences

Sequence screening	Imaging omics features
DWI (3)	[['original_shape_Sphericity']
	'wavelet-HHH_glszm_ZoneEntropy']
	['wavelet-LHH_firstorder_Kurtosis']
T1WI + CE-T1WI fs (5)	[['lbp-3D-k_firstorder_Minimum']
	['lbp-3D-m2_firstorder_Mean']
	['wavelet-HHL_glcm_ClusterShade']
	['wavelet-HLL_firstorder_Skewness']
	['wavelet-LHH_glszm_SizeZoneNonUniformityNormalized']
T1WI + T2WI + DWI +; CE-T1WI fs (5)	['wavelet-HHL_firstorder_Skewness']
	['wavelet-HLL_firstorder_Skewness']
	['wavelet-HLL_firstorder_Kurtosis']
	['original_shape_Maximum2DDiameterSlice']
	['wavelet-LHL_firstorder_Skewness']

DWI: Diffusion weighted imaging; T1WI: T1 weighted imaging; CE-T1WI fs: Contrast enhanced T1 weighted imaging with fat saturation; T2WI: T2 weighted imaging.

Table 3 Result of a single sequence prediction model

	Test group			Training group
	AUC (95%CI)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC (95%CI)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
DWI	0.960 (0.840-1.000)	80.0	100.0	0.889 (0.736-1.000)	88.9	66.7
T1WI	0.812 (0.467-1.000)	75.0	100.0	0.864 (0.677-1.000)	66.7	100.0
T2WI fs	0.710 (0.495-0.894)	60.0	60.0	0.828 (0.727-0.917)	82.6	65.2

DWI: Diffusion weighted imaging; T1WI: T1 weighted imaging; T2WI fs: T2 weighted imaging with fat saturation.

Table 4 Multi-sequence prediction model results

	Test group			Training group
	AUC (95%CI)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC (95%CI)	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
TIWI + CE-T1WI fs	0.834 (0.736-0.922)	70.4	85.2	0.917 (0.825-0.984)	77.8	88.9
T2WIfs + CE-T1WI fs	0.783 (0.661-0.893)	73.9	73.0	0.866 (0.769-0.949)	73.9	91.3
DWI + CE-T1WI fs	0.796 (0.684-0.899)	70.4	77.8	0.825 (0.714-0.917)	70.8	79.2
T1WI + T2WIfs + DWI + CE-T1WI fs	0.818 (0.727-0.897)	60.0	77.1	0.770 (0.567-0.938)	70.0	80.0

DWI: Diffusion weighted imaging; T1WI: T1 weighted imaging; CE-T1WI fs: Contrast enhanced T1 weighted imaging with fat saturation; T2WI: T2 weighted imaging; AUC: Area under the curve.