Metabolic disorders and hepatitis: Insights from a Mendelian randomization study

Table 1 Description of included traits

Group	Trait	ID	Sample size	Year	Case/control	SNPs
Exposures	T2D	ebi-a-GCST90093109	50533	2022	16677/33856	13403040
	Hyperlipidemia	ebi-a-GCST90090994	9714	2022	3310/6404	592502
	Hypertension	ebi-a-GCST90038604	484598	2021	129909/354689	9587836
Outcomes	CHB	ebi-a-GCST90018804	351885	2021	145/351740	19079722
	CHC	ebi-a-GCST90018805	352013	2021	273/351740	19074546

T2D: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; CHC: Chronic hepatitis C; Chronic hepatitis B; CHC: Chronic hepatitis C.

Table 2 Mendelian randomization for the association between comorbidities and chronic hepatitis

Outcome	Exposure	Number of instruments	Method	OR	95%CI	P value	Heterogeneity			Pleiotropy
							Q	Q_df	Q p	Intercept	P value
CHB infection	T2D	11	MR Egger	1.11338	0.546-2.271	0.774	6.861	9	0.6516	-0.011	0.803
			Weighted median	1.08022	0.860-1.357	0.504	-	-	-
			IVW	1.01676	0.854-1.210	0.851	6.927	10	0.7323
			Weighted mode	1.10321	0.815-1.493	0.576	-	-	-
	Hyperlipidemia	5	MR Egger	1.00996	0.804-1.269	0.938	3.888	3	0.2738	-0.013	0.784
			Weighted median	1.00910	0.918-1.110	0.857	-	-	-
			IVW	0.97827	0.902-1.061	0.596	4.004	4	0.4055
			Weighted mode	1.01660	0.912-1.133	0.765	-	-	-
	Hypertension	277	MR Egger	1.845401	0.350-9.728	0.471	279.1	258	0.1751	-0.0028	0.693
			Weighted median	1.56894	0.604-4.077	0.346	-	-	-
			IVW	1.35243	0.721-2.535	0.346	279.3	259	0.1846
			Weighted mode	1.81921	0.519-6.379	0.359	-	-	-
CHC infection	T2D	11	MR Egger	1.13338	0.744-1.726	0.574	9.143	9	0.4242	-0.022	0.414
			Weighted median	0.94250	0.825-1.077	0.391	-	-	-
			IVW	0.94825	0.858-1.048	0.298	9.887	10	0.4504
			Weighted mode	0.94916	0.810-1.112	0.550	-	-	-
	Hyperlipidemia	5	MR Egger	0.89288	0.793-1.005	0.158	3.222	3	0.3587	0.03	0.274
			Weighted median	0.94627	0.898-0.997	0.038	-	-	-
			IVW	0.96140	0.912-1.013	0.141	5.134	4	0.2738
			Weighted mode	0.94262	0.891-0.998	0.108	-	-	-
	Hypertension	260	MR Egger	0.59067	0.223-1.566	0.291	289.5	258	0.08644	0.0012	0.777
			Weighted median	0.69088	0.391-1.220	0.206	-	-	-
			Inverse variance weighted	0.67301	0.465-0.973	0.035	289.6	259	0.09284
			Weighted mode	0.83477	0.408-1.707	0.617	-	-	-

MR: Mendelian randomization; IVW: Inverse variance weighting; T2D: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CHB: Chronic hepatitis B; CHC: Chronic hepatitis C.