Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation in treatment of gallbladder stones with common bile duct stones: A retrospective study

Table 1 General data of the two patient groups

Variable	LC + EPBD group (n = 50)	LC + EST group (n = 52)	t/χ2	P value
Age (year)	57.22 ± 8.03	58.19 ± 8.74	-0.584	0.560
Gender (male/female)	25/24	24/28	0.151	0.698
BMI	22.35 ± 3.21	23.15 ± 3.91	-1.127	0.263
Size of bile duct stones (mm)	8.18 ± 2.19	8.56 ± 2.57	-0.797	0.427
Diameter of the common bile duct (mm)	11.84 ± 1.40	12.12 ± 1.59	-0.925	0.357
Number of bile duct stones (n)	3.02 ± 1.22	2.77 ± 1.17	1.062	0.291

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of surgical success rates between the two groups, n (%)

Item	LC + EPBD group (n = 50)	LC + EST group (n = 52)	χ2	P value
Significantly effective	38 (76.00)	37 (71.20)	0.527	0.768
Effective	9 (18.00)	10 (19.20)
Ineffective	3 (6.00)	5 (9.60)
Surgical success rate	47 (94.00)	44 (90.40)

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation.

Table 3 Surgery-related indicators in the two groups

Item	LC + EPBD group (n = 50)	LC + EST group (n = 52)	t/χ2	P value
Total operation time (min)	94.16 ± 14.32	92.37 ± 12.85	0.667	0.507
Intraoperative hemorrhage (mL)	32.98 ± 8.95	37.48 ± 8.85	-2.554	0.012
Rate of conversion to laparotomy, n (%)	0	0	/	/
Success rate of stone extraction, n (%)	48 (96.00)	49 (94.20)		1.000
Stone removal rate, n (%)	48 (96.00)	50 (96.20)		1.000

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation.

Table 4 Comparison of postoperative recovery between the two groups

Item	LC + EPBD group (n = 50)	LC + EST group (n = 52)	t	P value
VAS score	3.06 ± 0.74	3.21 ± 0.87	-0.945	0.347
Time to postoperative exhaust (d)	1.34 ± 0.63	1.42 ± 0.67	-0.648	0.519
Time to ambulation (d)	1.32 ± 0.62	1.82 ± 0.51	-4.502	< 0.001
Hospitalization time (d)	11.52 ± 1.76	11.98 ± 1.48	-1.433	0.155

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Table 5 Comparison of complications after surgery in the two groups, n (%)

Item	LC + EPBD group (n = 50)	LC + EST group (n = 52)	χ2	P value
Pancreatitis	3 (6.00)	2 (3.80)		0.675
Cholangitis	1 (2.00)	2 (3.80)		1.000
Abdominal infection	0	1 (1.90)		1.000
Death	0	0		/
Perforation	0	0		/
Overall complications	4 (8.00)	5 (9.60)		1.000

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation.

Table 6 Expression of inflammatory response indicators in the two groups

Indicator	LC + EPBD group (n = 50)	LC + EST group (n = 52)	t	P value
IL-6 (pg/mL)
Preoperative	12.96 ± 2.83	13.21 ± 3.25	0.426	0.671
48 h postoperatively	20.43 ± 3.02	24.84 ± 3.51	6.783	< 0.001
IL-10 (pg/mL)
Preoperative	17.35 ± 3.94	16.21 ± 4.06	1.439	0.153
48 h postoperatively	13.43 ± 2.25	13.26 ± 2.47	0.347	0.729
TNF-α (pg/mL)
Preoperative	18.35 ± 4.32	18.92 ± 4.75	0.624	0.534
48 h postoperatively	36.36 ± 8.35	46.22 ± 8.95	5.744	< 0.001
hs-CRP (mg/L)
Preoperative	4.43 ± 1.38	4.78 ± 1.67	1.177	0.242
48 h postoperatively	15.07 ± 3.04	18.75 ± 5.16	4.361	< 0.001
PCT (ng/mL)
Preoperative	0.35 ± 0.14	0.32 ± 0.16	1.039	0.301
48 h postoperatively	1.42 ± 0.47	1.51 ± 0.38	1.069	0.290

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin.

Table 7 Comparison of liver function indicators in the two groups

Indicator	LC + EPBD group (n = 50)	LC + EST group (n = 52)	t	P value
AST (U/L)
Preoperative	54.72 ± 4.36	55.24 ± 5.55	0.525	0.600
3 d postoperatively	30.56 ± 5.64	41.91 ± 6.03	9.804	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)
Preoperative	72.84 ± 6.92	71.43 ± 7.58	0.973	0.333
3 d postoperatively	47.94 ± 7.37	59.35 ± 7.58	7.699	< 0.001
TBIL (umol/L)
Preoperative	52.14 ± 6.42	54.22 ± 7.15	1.537	0.127
3 d postoperatively	24.14 ± 6.45	27.22 ± 7.05	2.293	0.024

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; TBIL: Total bilirubin.