Analysis of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the treatment of pediatric pancreatobiliary diseases

Table 1 General data comparison, n (%)

Factor	Observation group (n = 52)	Control group (n = 49)	χ2	P value
Gender			0.013	0.909
Male	27 (51.92)	26 (53.06)
Female	25 (48.08)	23 (46.94)
Age (years)			0.058	0.809
≤ 7	32 (61.54)	29 (59.18)
> 7	20 (38.46)	20 (40.82)
BMI (kg/m2)			0.016	0.899
≤ 16	28 (53.85)	27 (55.10)
> 16	24 (46.15)	22 (44.90)
JSGPM-PBM[10]			0.050	0.997
A	16 (30.77)	15 (30.61)
B	15 (28.85)	15 (30.61)
C	13 (25.00)	12 (24.49)
D	8 (15.38)	7 (14.29)

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Pre- and post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography diagnosis of 36 children with biliary tract diseases in the observation group

Preoperative imaging diagnosis	Postoperative ERCP diagnosis
	Simple common bile duct stones	Bile duct stricture/dilatation	Bile duct dilatation and gallstones	Choledocholithiasis and abnormal biliopancreatic junction	Bile duct stones combined with bile duct stricture	Suspected bile duct stones
Bile duct stones	17	1	1	0	1	0
Abnormal bile duct signs	0	0	0	0	0	1
Bile duct stricture/dilatation	0	5	0	1	0	0
Bile duct dilatation and gallstones	3	2	1	0	1	1
Biliary pancreatitis	0	0	0	1	0	0

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 3 Preoperative and postoperative diagnosis of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 16 children with pancreatic diseases in the observation group

Preoperative imaging diagnosis	Postoperative ERCP diagnosis
	Chronic pancreatitis	Pancreatic pseudocyst	Pancreatic schizophrenia	Pancreatic duct stent placement	Pancreatic duct stenosis
Chronic recurrent pancreatitis	5	0	0	0	2
Pancreatic cyst	1	3	0	0	0
Acute pancreatitis	0	0	3	0	0
After pancreatic duct stent placement	0	0	0	2	0

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 4 Comparison of treatment efficacy, n (%)

Efficacy	Observation group (n = 52)	Control group (n = 49)	χ2	P value
Marked effect	30 (57.69)	20 (40.86)	-	-
Effective	20 (38.46)	18 (36.73)	-	-
Ineffective	2 (3.85)	11 (22.45)	-	-
The total treatment efficacy	50 (96.15)	38 (77.55)	7.785	0.005

Table 5 Comparison of the time to resume eating and hospitalization time between the two groups

Project	Observation group (n = 52)	Control group (n = 49)	t value	P value
Time to resume eating (day)	2.12 ± 0.38	4.86 ± 0.61	27.26	< 0.001
Hospitalization time (day)	8.19 ± 1.09	15.29 ± 1.1	32.57	< 0.001

Table 6 Comparison of the incidence of complications between the two groups, n (%)

Complication	Observation group (n = 52)	Control group (n = 49)	χ2	P value
Hyperamylasemia	12 (23.07)	17 (34.69)	-	-
Stress-induced hyperglycemia	2 (3.85)	4 (8.16)	-	-
Transient acute pancreatitis	2 (3.85)	3 (6.12)	-	-
Bleeding	0	1 (2.04)	-	-
Overall incidence	16 (30.77)	25 (51.01)	4.290	0.038

Table 7 Assignment table

Factor	Assignment
Recovery feeding time	Continuous variables
Length of hospital stay	Continuous variables
TBil	Continuous variables
ALT	Continuous variables
AST	Continuous variables
C-reactive protein	Continuous variables
Serum amylase	Continuous variables
Complication	Complications occurred = 1, no complications occurred = 0

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; TBil: Total bilirubin; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.

Table 8 Multivariate analysis

Factor	B	SE	Wals	P value	OR	95%CI
						Lower limit	Upper limit
Recovery feeding time	-0.145	0.888	0.027	0.870	0.865	0.152	1.927
Length of hospital stay	-0.706	0.711	0.985	0.321	0.494	0.123	1.989
TBil	-2.496	1.066	5.487	0.019	0.082	0.010	0.665
ALT	-0.679	0.325	4.349	0.037	0.507	0.268	0.960
AST	-0.616	0.296	4.314	0.038	0.540	0.302	0.966
C-reactive protein	-1.248	0.586	4.532	0.033	0.287	0.091	0.906
Serum amylase	0.837	0.361	5.380	0.020	2.308	1.138	4.680
Complication	-2.648	1.855	2.037	0.153	0.071	0.002	2.686

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; TBil: Total bilirubin; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.