Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: A case report and literature review

Table 1 Summary of cases reported regarding hypereosinophilic syndrome with sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, portal vein thrombosis, or Budd–Chiari syndrome

Author	Complication	Affected area	Treatment	Prognosis
Kojima et al[4]	SOS	Hepatic veins, portal vein	Prednisolone	Eosinophilia developed again after corticosteroid therapy was discontinued
Yamaga et al[5]	SOS	Hepatic veins, portal vein	Prednisolone and ursodeoxycholic acid	Remains in clinical remission despite a reduction in prednisone dosage
Lim et al[8]	Hepatic lobar or segmental involvement	Portal vein	NA	NA
Kikuchi et al[9]	Thrombosis	Portal area of the liver, pulmonary artery, myocardium, and other organs	NA	Died due to hemorrhagic shock
Monterrubio Villar et al[10]		Portal vein and mesenteric, splenic, inferior cava, iliac and femoral veins, colon	Acenocoumarol, methylprednisolone, prednisone, streptokinase	Recovered, no evidence of recurrent thrombosis
Yamada et al[11]		Portal vein, lobules of the liver, spleen, small intestine	Thrombectomy, heparin, methylprednisolone, prednisolone	Remains in clinical remission on prednisolone at 0.3 mg/kg/d
Ames[12]		Portal and splenic vein	Tinzaparin	Recovered
Sui et al[13]		Portal vein, deep vein of lower extremities, mesenteric vein, lungs	Methylprednisolone, piperacillin, partial excision of the small intestine, prednisone, coumadin	Eosinophil and platelet counts were within normal limits and no recurrence of thrombosis
Todd et al[14]		Portal vein, suprahepatic inferior vena cava, bilateral deep vein from the superficial femoral vein to the tibial veins, pulmonary artery	Platelet transfusions, unfractionated heparin, prednisolone	Successfully warfarinized and remains thrombus-free
Ames[15]		Superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, right atrium, both femoral veins and right hepatic and portal vein	Methylprednisolone	Recovered
Lin et al[16]		Superior mesenteric, splenic, hepatic, and portal veins, renal artery, mesentery	Methylprednisolone, plasma exchange/hemofiltration, single or combined use of unfractionated heparin and argatroban, alteplase, urokinase, excision of necrotic intestinal canal	Recovered and remains in clinical remission
L'Ollivier et al[17]		Right lobe of the liver, right branch of the portal vein	Rivaroxaban, triclabendazole	Recovered, the abscesses and lesions in the liver were reduced in number and size on CT scan, the portal thrombosis had almost disappeared
Moon et al[18]		The umbilico-portal confluence of the left portal vein contiguous with the umbilical vein	Total parenteral nutrition	Thrombus completely resolved. The infant showed good weight gain with well-tolerated formula feeds.
Alshurafa et al[19]		Portal vein, transverse colon	IV hydration, anticoagulation, H. pylori quadruple eradication regimen	Significant improvement in eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia after H. pylori treatment
Zemleduch et al[20]		Portal vein, ascending and transverse colon, greater curvature of the stomach, deep vein of lower extremities, left occipital and right frontal lobes	Heparin, corticosteroid therapy	Remains in good health with no hematological or thrombotic sequels
Aukstuolis et al[21]		Right and left portal vein, mesenteric, and splenic vein, ascending colon, small bowel	Methylprednisolone, prednisone, warfarin, benralizumab	Remains in clinical remission on benralizumab
Elouaer-Blanc et al[22]	Budd–Chiari syndrome	Hepatic vein	Diuretic therapy, prednisone, hydroxyurea, mesocaval anastomosis	Died due to sepsis and acute renal failure
Inoue et al[23]		Hepatic vein, subcutaneous nodule	Interventional therapy, steroid therapy	Liver function tests improved but the findings of the obstruction of hepatic veins were unchanged
Lin et al[24]		Intrahepatic inferior vena cava, hepatic veins, mucosal and submucosal layers of the jejunum	Methylprednisolone, prednisolone, percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty, montelukast	No recurrence of ascites, hepatomegaly, or inferior vena cava stenosis during 1-year follow-up period
Dasari et al[25]		Hepatic vein	Endoscopic variceal ligation, prednisolone	Recovered and currently asymptomatic
Shizuku et al[26]		Hepatic vein	Prednisolone, deceased-donor liver transplantation	Recovered and eosinophil count was maintained at a normal level

SOS: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome; CT: Computed tomography; NA: Not available; IV: Intravenous injection; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.