Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Dec 27, 2021; 13(12): 1615-1627
Published online Dec 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1615
Published online Dec 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1615
Table 1 Published data on liver transplantation for colorectal cancer liver metastasis
Ref. | Year | Center | Period | Patients number | Survival time |
Moore et al[12] | 1964 | Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, United States | September, 1963 | 1 | 11 d |
Demirleau et al[58] | 1964 | Hospital St. Antonie, France | January, 1964 | 1 | 0 d (died of bleeding) |
Andersen et al[59] | 2012 | Oslo University Hospital, Norway | 1970 | 1 | 24 d (died of fuminating sepsis) |
Penn[13] | 1991 | Cincinnati Medical Center, United States | September 1968-March 1991 | 8 | Mortality 11% recurrence rate 70% |
Pichlmayr et al[60] | 1997 | Hannover Medical School, German | 1972-1995 | 4 | 11 mo, 8 d, 33 mo |
Honoré et al[61] | 2003 | University of Liege, Belgium | 1992 | 1 | 10 yr |
Kappel et al[9] | 2006 | Medical University of Vienna, Austria | 1983-1994 | 24 | 5-yr OS rate 12%-18% |
Hoti et al[14] | 2008 | European Liver Transplant Registy | 1968-1995 | 50 (including 24 above) | 1- and 5-yr OS rate were 62% and 18% |
Uskudar et al[62] | 2011 | The Mount Sinai Hospital, United States | 2005, 2008 | 2 | 5 yr (no recurrence); 2 yr (no recurrence) |
Kocman et al[63] | 2011 | University Hospital Mekur (Croatia) | 2006 | 1 | 5 yr (no recurrence) |
Hrehoreţ et al[64] | 2013 | University of Medicine and Phamarcy Caro Davila, Romania | January, 2012 | 1 | 20 mo post-operation (lung recurrence) |
Line et al[46] | 2015 | Oslo University Hospital, Norway | 2014-2017 | 3 | 40 d (died of complications); 5.5 yr (no recurrence); 2 yr (recurrent at 12 mo) |
Caicedo et al[65] | 2016 | ICESI University, Colombia | November, 2014 | 1 | 19 mo (no recurrence) |
Toso et al[66] | 2017 | Portugal, Paris, Geneva | 1995-2015 | 12 | 5-yr OS 50% ± 16%, 5-yr PFS 38% ± 15% |
Dueland et al[10] | 2020 | Olso University Hospital, Norway | 2006-2012 | 23 | 5-yr OS 60% |
Yang et al[67] | 2019 | Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China | 2016 | 1 | 34 mo (recurrent at 4 mo) |
Lerut et al[68] | 2019 | University Hospital Saint-Luc, Belgium | 1985-2016 | 4 | 17 mo (recurrent at 6 mo), 64 mo (recurrent at 47 mo), 32 mo (no), 28 mo (recurrent at 4 mo) |
Fernandes et al[69] | 2019 | Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Brazil | December, 2018 | 1 | No prognosis information |
Dueland et al[10] | 2019 | Oslo University Hospital, Norway | 2012-2016 | 15 | 5-yr OS 83% |
Smedman et al[25] | 2019 | Oslo University Hospital, Norway | 2014-2018 | 10 | Median OS 18 mo. Median DFS 4 mo |
Coubeau et al[52] | 2020 | Cliniques Unviersitaires Saint-Luc | 2019 | 1 | 180 d (no recurrence) |
Table 2 Inclusion criteria in some prospective studies on liver transplantation for colorectal cancer liver metastasis
Study | SECA I | SECA II | LIVERTWOHEAL | TRANSMET | Toronto NCT02864485 |
Inclusion criteria | Primary tumor R0 resected; ECOG 0-1; More than 6 wk chemotherapy; No extrahepatic metastasis or recurrence confirmed by PET/CT, bone scan | Addition standard: No signs of extra hepatic metastatic disease (except resectable lung metastasis) or local recurrence according to coloscopy, CT or MRI within 12 mo; Chemotherapy response > 10%, If not, TACE or Y-90 response > 20%; More than 12 mo from diagnosis or adjuvant therapy | Unresectable CRLM without extrahepatic tumor burden, except resectable pulmonary metastases; Disease regresses or keeps stable after more than 8 wk chemotherapy | ECOG 0-1; BRAF wild type; Primary tumor R0 resected; No primary recurrence within 12 mo confirmed by coloscopy. Disease stable or regress more than 3 mo with chemotherapy; CEA < 80 ng/mL or decrease ≥ 50%; No extrahepatic metastasis confirmed by CT or PET-CT | ECOG 0-1; Primary tumor stage is ≤ T4a; More than 6 mo since liver resection; No major vascular invasion; More than 3 mo chemotherapy; Disease regression or stable more than 3 mo; Stable CEA value or decease at all time prior to LT |
Outcome | OS | OS 10 yr | OS 3 yr | OS 5 yr | OS 5 yr; PFS 5 yr |
Table 3 Treatment for unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis prior to transplantation
Ref. | Year | Treatment prior to liver transplantation | ||
Liver resection | Local therapy | Systemic therapy | ||
Moore et al[12] | 1964 | NR | NR | NR |
Demirleau et al[58] | 1964 | NR | NR | NR |
Andersen et al[59] | 2012 | NR | NR | NR |
Penn[13] | 1991 | NR | NR | NR |
Pichlmayr et al[60] | 1997 | NR | NR | NR |
Honoré et al[61] | 2003 | Yes | No | No |
Kappel et al[9]; Hoti et al[14] | 2006; 2008 | NR | NR | NR |
Uskudar et al[62] | 2011 | Yes | Yes, TACE, HAI. Yes, HAI (causing liver failure) | Yes |
Kocman et al[63] | 2011 | Yes (Two times) | No | Yes, 1/1 |
Hrehoreţ et al[64] | 20I3 | Yes (ALPPS one stage) | Yes, radio therapy | Yes, FOLFOX AND bevacizumab |
Line et al[46] | 2015 | No; NR | No; NR | Yes, 3/3, FLIRI/cetuximab |
Caicedo et al[65] | 2016 | No | Yes, 1/1 RFA | Yes, 1/1, FOFIRI + cetuximab |
Toso et al[66] | 2017 | Yes, 10/12 | 1/12 RFA | 11/12, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, cetuximab, bevacizumab |
Dueland et al[10] | 2020 | Yes, 4/23 | 2/23 | Yes, 23 (1st line, 10 patients; 2nd line, 9 patients; 3rd line, 4 patients) |
Yang et al[67] | 2019 | No | Yes, 1/1; TACE + RFA | Yes, 1/1, mFOLFOX6 + bevacizumab |
Lerut et al[68] | 2019 | No | No | Yes, 4/4, 5-FU, Oxaliplatin irinotecan, bevacizumab, |
Fernandes et al[69] | 2019 | Yes | Yes | FOLFOX/FOLFIRI |
Dueland et al[10] | 2020 | 4/15 | NR | Yes, 15/15 |
Smedman et al[25] | 2019 | 2/10 | 2/10 RFA | Yes, 10 patients (1st line), 10 (2nd line), 3 (3rd line) |
Coubeau et al[52] | 2020 | NAR | NAR | Yes, 1/1 |
Table 4 Adjuvant therapy for recurrence after liver transplantation for unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis
Ref. | Overall survival (months) | Die/alive | Recurrence | Adjuvant therapy post recurrence after LT |
Yang et al[67] | 34 | 0/1 | Yes | Chemotherapy |
Lerut et al[68] | 28 | 3/1 | Yes, 4, 6, 47 mo | Chemotherapy |
Toso et al[66] | 6/6 | Median DFS 6 mo | 5 chemotherapy; 1 radiotherapy | |
Hagness[39] | 27 | 6/15 | Median DFS 19 mo | 11 Chemotherapy; 1 TACE; 7 Radiation therapy; 11 Re-resection |
Smedman et al[25] | 18 | 5/5 | Median DFS 8 mo | 3 Chemotherapy combined radiation therapy; 2 Chemotherapy; 1 Radiation; 1 Surgery |
Dueland et al[10] | 36 | 2/13 | Median DFS 8 mo | 6 Surgery; 2 Surgery combined Radiation therapy; 2 Chemotherapy |
Hrehoreţ et al[64] | 20 | 0/1 | Yes, 6 wk | Chemotherapy |
Table 5 Ongoing clinical trials on liver transplantation for colorectal cancer liver metastasis
NCT number | Study name | Year | Type | Patients | Unit, country | Study aims |
03494946 | SECA III | 2016-2027 | RCT | 25 | Oslo University hospital, Norway | LT vs chemotherapy |
02215889 | No | 2014-2028 | Intervention | 20 | Oslo University hospital, Norway | Single arm (segment 2, 3 partial LT) |
03488953 | LIVERTWOHEAL | 2018-2023 | Intervention | 40 | Jena University Hospital, German | Single arm (Living donor liver transplantation with two-staged hepatectomy) |
02597348 | TRASMET | 2015-2027 | RCT | 90 | Hôpitaux de Paris, France | LT plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy |
03231722 | COLT | 2019-2024 | Multi-center non-RCT | Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Italy | LT vs chemotherapy (parallel arm in TRIPLETE trial) | |
04161092 | SOULMATE | 2020-2030 | Multi-center RCT | 45 | Vastra Gotaland Region, Sweden | LT (extended criteria graft) vs best alternative therapy |
- Citation: Cui X, Geng XP, Zhou DC, Yang MH, Hou H. Advances in liver transplantation for unresectable colon cancer liver metastasis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13(12): 1615-1627
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v13/i12/1615.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1615