Copyright
©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jun 27, 2020; 12(6): 269-276
Published online Jun 27, 2020. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i6.269
Published online Jun 27, 2020. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i6.269
Table 1 Sample characteristics
Characteristics | Value |
Age mean and standard deviation | 37 ± 9.68 |
Female sex, n (%) | 455 (79.0) |
BMI, mean, and standard deviation | 42.8 ± 5.57 |
BMI classification, n (%) | |
Obesity Class I | 04 (0.7) |
Obesity Class II | 121 (22.2) |
Obesity Class III | 420 (77.1) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | 446 (83.1) |
DM | 95 (17.2) |
DM complications | 11 (8.5) |
SAH | 234 (41.7) |
Sleep apnea | 75 (14) |
Smoking | 41 (7.7) |
Dyslipidemia | 210 (40.9) |
Micronutrients, median (min-max) | |
Vitamin D, pg/mL | 20 (4.2-52.2) |
Vitamin B12, pg/mL | 407 (36-2000) |
Zinc, mg/L | 6.6 (4-19.4) |
Iron, mcg/dL | 79 (8-408) |
Magnesium, mg/dL | 2.1 (1.3-2.9) |
Steatosis, n (%) | 604 (100.0) |
0 | 42 (7.0) |
1 | 221 (36.6) |
2 | 182 (30.1) |
3 | 159 (26.3) |
NASH, n (%) | 584 (100.0) |
0 | 171 (29.3) |
1 | 282 (48.3) |
2 | 125 (21.4) |
3 | 06 (1.0) |
Fibrosis, n (%) | 602 (100.0) |
0 | 302 (50.2) |
1 | 224 (37.2) |
2 | 35 (5.8) |
3 | 38 (6.3) |
4 | 03 (0.5) |
Table 2 Mean serum levels of micronutrients according to liver histopathology staging
Grade | Vitamin D, pg/mL | Vitamin B12, pg/mL | Zinc, mg/L | Iron, mcg/dL | Magnesium, mg/dL | |
Steatosis | 0 | 21 | 433 | 6.7 | 82 | 2.2 |
1 | 21 | 390 | 6.6 | 78 | 2.0 | |
2 | 19 | 400 | 6.6 | 77 | 2.1 | |
3 | 19 | 444 | 6.6 | 80 | 2.1 | |
P value | 0.047 | 0.040 | 0.681 | 0.959 | 0.166 | |
NASH | 0 | 21 | 416 | 6.7 | 76 | 2.1 |
1 | 20 | 395 | 6.6 | 79 | 2.0 | |
2 | 18 | 404 | 6.5 | 79 | 2.0 | |
3 | - | 304 | - | 80 | - | |
P value | 0.198 | 0.553 | 0.950 | 0.521 | 0.536 | |
Fibrosis | 0 | 20 | 401 | 6.8 | 79 | 2.1 |
1 | 21 | 400 | 6.6 | 75 | 2.1 | |
2 | 19 | 447 | 6.8 | 82 | 2.0 | |
3 | 17 | 444 | 6.8 | 83 | 2.0 | |
4 | - | - | - | - | - | |
P value | 0.732 | 0.110 | 0.877 | 0.468 | 0.316 |
Table 3 Serum levels of micronutrients and liver histopathological analysis
Vitamin D, pg/mL | Vitamin B12, pg/mL | Zinc, mg/L | Iron, mcg/dL | Magnesium, mg/dL | ||
Steatosis | Absent/mild | 21 | 394 | 6.6 | 78 | 2.0 |
Advanced | 19 | 418 | 6.6 | 79 | 2.1 | |
P value | 0.008 | 0.134 | 0.618 | 0.814 | 0.961 | |
NASH | Absent/mild | 21 | 402 | 6.6 | 77 | 2.1 |
Advanced | 18 | 403 | 6.5 | 79 | 2.0 | |
P value | 0.135 | 0.960 | 0.900 | 0.726 | 0.562 | |
Fibrosis | Absent/mild | 20 | 402 | 6.6 | 78 | 2.1 |
Advanced | 17 | 477 | 6.8 | 83 | 2.0 | |
P value | 0.182 | 0.030 | 0.858 | 0.457 | 0.149 |
Table 4 Severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and serum levels of micronutrients
Vitamin D, pg/mL | Vitamin B12, pg/mL | Zinc, mg/L | Iron, mcg/dL | Magnesium, mg/dL | ||
Steatosis | r | -0.120 | 0.095 | 0.58 | 0.007 | -0.053 |
P value | 0.042 | 0.047 | 0.359 | 0.879 | 0.468 | |
NASH | r | -0.126 | -0.012 | -0.018 | 0.030 | -0.078 |
P value | 0.034 | 0.812 | 0.775 | 0.553 | 0.291 | |
Fibrosis | r | -0.061 | 0.095 | -0.029 | 0.031 | -0.080 |
P value | 0.303 | 0.048 | 0.647 | 0.538 | 0.272 |
- Citation: Bertol FS, Araujo B, Jorge BB, Rinaldi N, De Carli LA, Tovo CV. Role of micronutrients in staging of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A retrospective cross-sectional study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 12(6): 269-276
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v12/i6/269.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v12.i6.269