Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jun 27, 2020; 12(6): 269-276
Published online Jun 27, 2020. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i6.269
Table 1 Sample characteristics
CharacteristicsValue
Age mean and standard deviation37 ± 9.68
Female sex, n (%)455 (79.0)
BMI, mean, and standard deviation42.8 ± 5.57
BMI classification, n (%)
Obesity Class I04 (0.7)
Obesity Class II121 (22.2)
Obesity Class III420 (77.1)
Comorbidities, n (%)446 (83.1)
DM95 (17.2)
DM complications11 (8.5)
SAH234 (41.7)
Sleep apnea75 (14)
Smoking41 (7.7)
Dyslipidemia210 (40.9)
Micronutrients, median (min-max)
Vitamin D, pg/mL20 (4.2-52.2)
Vitamin B12, pg/mL407 (36-2000)
Zinc, mg/L6.6 (4-19.4)
Iron, mcg/dL79 (8-408)
Magnesium, mg/dL2.1 (1.3-2.9)
Steatosis, n (%)604 (100.0)
042 (7.0)
1221 (36.6)
2182 (30.1)
3159 (26.3)
NASH, n (%)584 (100.0)
0171 (29.3)
1282 (48.3)
2125 (21.4)
306 (1.0)
Fibrosis, n (%)602 (100.0)
0302 (50.2)
1224 (37.2)
235 (5.8)
338 (6.3)
403 (0.5)
Table 2 Mean serum levels of micronutrients according to liver histopathology staging
GradeVitamin D, pg/mLVitamin B12, pg/mLZinc, mg/LIron, mcg/dLMagnesium, mg/dL
Steatosis0214336.7822.2
1213906.6782.0
2194006.6772.1
3194446.6802.1
P value0.0470.0400.6810.9590.166
NASH0214166.7762.1
1203956.6792.0
2184046.5792.0
3-304-80-
P value0.1980.5530.9500.5210.536
Fibrosis0204016.8792.1
1214006.6752.1
2194476.8822.0
3174446.8832.0
4-----
P value0.7320.1100.8770.4680.316
Table 3 Serum levels of micronutrients and liver histopathological analysis
Vitamin D, pg/mLVitamin B12, pg/mLZinc, mg/LIron, mcg/dLMagnesium, mg/dL
SteatosisAbsent/mild213946.6782.0
Advanced194186.6792.1
P value0.0080.1340.6180.8140.961
NASHAbsent/mild214026.6772.1
Advanced184036.5792.0
P value0.1350.9600.9000.7260.562
FibrosisAbsent/mild204026.6782.1
Advanced174776.8832.0
P value0.1820.0300.8580.4570.149
Table 4 Severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and serum levels of micronutrients
Vitamin D, pg/mLVitamin B12, pg/mLZinc, mg/LIron, mcg/dLMagnesium, mg/dL
Steatosisr-0.1200.0950.580.007-0.053
P value0.0420.0470.3590.8790.468
NASHr-0.126-0.012-0.0180.030-0.078
P value0.0340.8120.7750.5530.291
Fibrosisr-0.0610.095-0.0290.031-0.080
P value0.3030.0480.6470.5380.272