Evaluation of prognostic factors and clinicopathological patterns of recurrence after curative surgery for colorectal cancer

Table 4 Demographic and patient-related preoperative potential prognostic factors for recurrence and evaluation of early vs late recurrence (univariate analysis)

	Recurrence, n = 234					Timing of recurrence, n = 60
	All	No	Yes	HR (95%CI)	P value	Early recurrence (< 3 yr)	Late recurrence (≥ 3 yr)	OR (95%CI)	P value
	n (%)	n = 174 (67.7%)	n = 60 (23.3%)			n = 51 (85.0%)	n = 9 (15.0%)
Age, yr; mean ± SD	68 ± 12	68 ± 11	69 ± 12	1.00 (0.98-1.02)	0.868	67 ± 12	77 ± 8	1.10 (1.00-1.21)	0.050
Gender, n (%)					0.179				0.421
Male	128 (54.7)	99 (77.3)	29 (22.6)	Reference		25 (86.2)	4 (13.8)	Reference
Female	106 (45.3)	75 (70.7)	31 (29.2)	1.42 (0.85-2.37)		26 (83.9)	5 (16.1)	1.85 (0.41-8.21)
Preop Hb, g/dL, mean ± SD	12.3 ± 2.1	12.6 ± 2.1	11.6 ± 2.3	0.84 (0.71-1.01)	0.058	11.9 ± 2.2	9.67 ± 2.3	0.60 (0.31-1.17)	0.136
Preop glycemia, g/dL, mean ± SD	0.99 ± 0.26	0.96 ± 0.24	1.08 ± 0.31	3.44 (1.05-11.24)	0.040	1.10 ± 0.34	0.99 ± 0.19	0.25 (0.00-16.06)	0.518
Preop total proteins, g/dL, mean ± SD	6.8 ± 0.7	6.8 ± 0.6	6.8 ± 1	1.07 (0.54-2.11)	0.839	6.7 ± 1.0	7.3 ± 0.2	2.43 (0.47-12.54)	0.288
Preop CEA, n (%)					0.029				0.440
< 5 ng/mL	85 (82.5)	71 (83.5)	14 (16.5)	0.36 (0.15-0.90)		12 (85.7)	2 (14.3)	Reference
≥ 5 ng/mL	18 (17.5)	11 (61.1)	7 (38.9)	Reference		5 (71.4)	2 (28.6)	2.40 (0.26-22.10)
Missing	131	131				39
BMI, mean ± SD	26 ± 4	25 ± 4	27 ± 5	1.06 (0.99-1.14)	0.085	27 ± 5	27 ± 5	0.98 (0.81-1.19)	0.866
ASA, n (%)
1	31 (14.5)	26 (83.9)	5 (16.1)	Reference		5 (100)	0 (0)	Reference
2	80 (37.4)	61 (76.2)	19 (23.8)	1.50 (0.56-4.02)	0.421	16 (84.2)	3 (15.8)	-	0.951
3	94 (43.9)	72 (76.6)	22 (23.4)	1.51 (0.57-3.40)	0.404	16 (72.7)	6 (27.3)	-	0.948
4	9 (4.2)	5 (55.6)	4 (44.4)	3.85 (1.03-14.41)	0.045	4 (100)	0 (0)	-	1.000
Missing	20	20				10
Presentation with occlusion, n (%)					0.021				0.366
No	42 (59.2)	33 (78.6)	9 (21.4)	Reference		7 (77.8)	2 (22.2)	Reference
Yes	29 (40.8)	15 (51.7)	14 (48.3)	2.60 (1.15-5.87)		13 (92.9)	1 (7.1)	0.31 (0.02-3.97)
Missing	163	163				37
Tumor site, n (%)
Right colon	70 (29.9)	53 (75.7)	17 (24.3)	Reference		13 (76.5)	4 (23.5)	Reference
Left colon	103 (44)	76 (73.8)	27 (26.2)	0.93 (0.50-1.70)	0.807	24 (88.9)	3 (11.1)	0.41 (0.08-2.10)	0.282
Rectum	61 (26.1)	45 (73.8)	16 (26.2)	0.94 (0.47-1.85)	0.851	14 (87.5)	2 (12.5)	0.46 (0.07-2.98)	0.418

HR: Hazard ratio; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidential intervals; Preop: Preoperative value; Hb: Haemoglobin; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists Score.