Influences of dexmedetomidine on stress responses and postoperative cognitive and coagulation functions in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy under general anesthesia

Figure 1 Influence of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy under general anesthesia. A: Tumor necrosis factor-α at different time points in two groups of gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing radical gastrectomy (RG) under general anesthesia (GA); B: Interleukin-6 at different time points in two groups of GC patients undergoing RG under GA. ^aP < 0.05 vs T1; ^dP < 0.05 vs T0; ^gP < 0.05 vs control group. T0: Before surgery; T1: 6 h after surgery; T2: 24 h after surgery; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: Interleukin-6.

Figure 2 Influence of dexmedetomidine on stress responses of gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy under general anesthesia. A: Cortisol at different time points in two groups of gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing radical gastrectomy (RG) under general anesthesia (GA); B: Adrenocorticotropic hormone at different time points in two groups of GC patients undergoing RG under GA. ^aP < 0.05 vs T1; ^dP < 0.05 vs T0; ^gP < 0.05 vs control group. T0: Before surgery; T1: 6 h after surgery; T2: 24 h after surgery; Cor: Cortisol; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Figure 3 Effect of dexmedetomidine on cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination) of gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy under general anesthesia. ^aP < 0.05 vs T1; ^dP < 0.05 vs T0; ^gP < 0.05 vs control group. T0: Before surgery; T1: 6 h after surgery; T2: 24 h after surgery; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.

Figure 4 Effect of dexmedetomidine on neurological function of gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy under general anesthesia. A: Neuron-specific enolase at different time points in two groups of gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing radical gastrectomy (RG) under general anesthesia (GA); B: S100 calcium-binding protein B at different time points in two groups of GC patients undergoing RG under GA. ^aP < 0.05 vs T1; ^dP < 0.05 vs T0; ^gP < 0.05vs control group. T0: Before surgery; T1: 6 h after surgery; T2: 24 h after surgery; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase; S100B: S100 calcium-binding protein B.

Figure 5 Influence of dexmedetomidine on neurological function of gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy under general anesthesia. A: Prothrombin time at different time points in two groups of gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing radical gastrectomy (RG) under general anesthesia (GA); B: Thromboxane B2 at different time points in two groups of GC patients undergoing RG under GA; C: Fibrinogen at different time points in two groups of GC patients undergoing RG under GA. ^aP < 0.05 vs T0; ^dP < 0.05 vs control group. T0: Before surgery; T1: 6 h after surgery; T2: 24 h after surgery; PT: Prothrombin time; TXB2: Thromboxane B2; FIB: Fibrinogen.