The global epidemiology of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in general population: A systematic review

Figure 1 Forest plot of upper gastrointestinal bleeding incidence rates. This figure displays incidence rates of upper gastrointestinal bleeding per 100000 person-years with 95% confidence intervals (when reported) from studies included in the review that reported this information. ^*Calculated from the available data (not originally presented in the paper). ^†NVUGIB. ^‡Calculated from hospitalizations (not the number of patients). ^§Included out-patient bleeds. ^¶Included UGIB cases only if primary diagnosis. Estimates were marked as a point without 95%CI, when denominator was missing. CI: Confidence interval; NVUGIB: Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding; UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; USA: United States of America.

Figure 2 Temporal trends of upper gastrointestinal bleeding incidence. This figure displays data from studies that reported on incidence rates of upper gastrointestinal bleeding per 100000 person-years over time from studies included in the review that reported this information. Note: Studies that include UGIB data only as primary diagnosis are indicated with dashed lines. UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. USA: United States of America.

Figure 3 Forest plot of upper gastrointestinal bleeding mortality rates. This figure displays upper gastrointestinal bleeding mortality rates per 100000 person-years with 95% confidence intervals (when reported) from studies included in the review that reported this information. Estimates were marked as a point without 95%CI, when denominator was missing. ^*Calculated from the available data (not originally presented in the paper). ^†NVUGIB. ^‡Calculated from hospitalizations (not the number of patients). ^§Included out-patient bleeds. ^¶Included UGIB cases only if primary diagnosis. CI: Confidence interval; NVUGIB: Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding; UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; USA: United States of America.

Figure 4 Forest plot of upper gastrointestinal bleeding case-fatality rates. This figure displays case-fatality rates of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, with 95% confidence intervals (when reported) from studies included in the review that reported this information. Estimates were marked as a point without 95%CI, when denominator was missing. ^*Calculated from the available data (not originally presented in the paper). ^†NVUGIB. ^‡Calculated from hospitalizations (not the number of patients). ^§Included out-patient bleeds. ^¶Included UGIB cases only if primary diagnosis. CI: Confidence interval; NVUGIB: Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding; UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; USA: United States of America.