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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Aug 27, 2024; 16(8): 2396-2408
Published online Aug 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i8.2396
Published online Aug 27, 2024. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i8.2396
Problems with repairing gut sphincters malfunctions
Mauro Bortolotti, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, S Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
Author contributions: Bortolotti M wrote and revised this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author reports no relevant conflicts of interest for this article. Prof. Mauro Bortolotti now is not longer part of the Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, S Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, University of Bologna
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mauro Bortolotti, MD, Former Contract Professor, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, S Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 48, Bologna 40138, Italy. bormau@tin.it
Received: April 27, 2024
Revised: June 24, 2024
Accepted: July 15, 2024
Published online: August 27, 2024
Processing time: 111 Days and 7.5 Hours
Revised: June 24, 2024
Accepted: July 15, 2024
Published online: August 27, 2024
Processing time: 111 Days and 7.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Gut sphincter corrections are a difficult problem because each sphincter has two opposite functions, that of closure and opening; in repairing one, there is a risk of damaging the other, as demonstrated by the analysis of the literature on interventions for difficult transit concerning the lower esophageal sphincter and anal sphincter, as well as for gastroesophageal reflux and fecal incontinence. Furthermore, artificial sphincters (ASs) capable of closing and opening with various mechanisms, such as hydraulic, magnetic, etc, have suffered many complications, limiting their use in practice. Hence, it would be desirable to use computational bioengineering methods to create an efficient and safe AS.