Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jan 27, 2021; 13(1): 76-86
Published online Jan 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i1.76
Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis: A comprehensive literature review
Sami Akbulut, Khaled Demyati, Cemalettin Koc, Adem Tuncer, Emrah Sahin, Mehmet Ozcan, Emine Samdanci
Sami Akbulut, Khaled Demyati, Cemalettin Koc, Adem Tuncer, Emrah Sahin, Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
Khaled Demyati, Department of Surgery, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
Mehmet Ozcan, Emine Samdanci, Department of Pathology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
Author contributions: Akbulut S, Koc C and Demyati K designed the report; Tuncer A, Sahin E and Akbulut S performed the literature review; Ozcan M and Samdanci E provided the histopathological information; all authors reviewed the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sami Akbulut, MD, Professor, Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, Malatya 44280, Turkey. akbulutsami@gmail.com
Received: October 11, 2020
Peer-review started: October 11, 2020
First decision: November 3, 2020
Revised: November 12, 2020
Accepted: December 1, 2020
Article in press: December 1, 2020
Published online: January 27, 2021
Processing time: 94 Days and 11.4 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is characterized histologically by a collection of lipid-laden macrophages admixed with lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and often multinucleated giant cells with or without cholesterol clefts. Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis (XGA) has rarely been reported to date. In this review article, we present a patient with XGA, and review data from all articles published on this rare situation. This review study shows that XGA is associated with significant diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas due to its variable presentation. It is often associated with interval appendectomies, and a significant number of patients require bowel resection due to the common presentation of a tumoral lesion.