Published online Nov 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i11.2564
Peer-review started: May 25, 2023
First decision: July 26, 2023
Revised: August 2, 2023
Accepted: August 17, 2023
Article in press: August 17, 2023
Published online: November 27, 2023
Processing time: 185 Days and 18.2 Hours
Gallbladder and biliary disease (GABD) remains a major global public health challenge, and the disease burden varies geographically.
From 1990 to 2019, the number of cases and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of GABD increased globally. What’s more, although GABD age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized lived with disability (YLD) rate (ASYR) decreased, the number of prevalent and YLD cases increased.
We aim to research the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of GABD and their temporal trends from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories at the global, regional, and national levels. The association between estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs), ASIRs, ASPRs, and ASYRs (1990), and human development index (HDI) (2021) were also assessed at the national level.
The study used EAPC to quantify the age-standardized incidence of GABD by region, sex, and cause. ASIRs, ASPR and ASYR. Socio-demographic index (SDI) was used to analyze the relationship between GABD burden and national development level.
In 2019, the incident cases of GABD were 52003772, with an ASIR of 634.32 per 100000 population. Globally, the number of incident cases and ASIR of GABD increased 97% and 58.9% between 1990 and 2019. Although, the ASPR and ASYR decreased from 1990 to 2019, the number of prevalent and YLDs cases increased. The highest ASIR was observed in Italy, and the highest ASPR and ASYR was observed in United Kingdom. The highest burden of GABD was found in low-SDI region, and the burden in female was significantly higher than males. A generally negative correlation (ρ = -0.24, P < 0.05) of GABD with the EAPC and HDI (in 2021) were observed for ASIR. What’s more, no correlation in ASPR (ρ = -0.06, P = 0.39) and ASYR (ρ = -0.07, P = 0.36) of GABD with the EAPC and HDI (in 2021) were observed, respectively.
From 1990 to 2019, the number of cases and ASIR of GABD increased globally. What’s more, although GABD ASPR and ASYR decreased, the number of prevalent and YLD cases increased. The highest burden of GABD was observed in low-SDI regions, and the burden was significantly higher among females than males.
We believe that the findings of this study will provide insight into the global disease burden of GABD and assist policymakers in formulating effective policies to mitigate modifiable risk factors.