Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Oct 27, 2023; 15(10): 2191-2200
Published online Oct 27, 2023. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i10.2191
Optimizing surgical outcomes for elderly gallstone patients with a high body mass index using enhanced recovery after surgery protocol
Yue-Xia Gu, Xin-Yu Wang, Yang Chen, Jun-Xiu Shao, Shen-Xian Ni, Xiu-Mei Zhang, Si-Yu Shao, Yu Zhang, Wen-Jing Hu, Ying-Ying Ma, Meng-Yao Liu, Hua Yu
Yue-Xia Gu, Shen-Xian Ni, Xiu-Mei Zhang, Si-Yu Shao, Yu Zhang, Wen-Jing Hu, Department of Nursing, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
Xin-Yu Wang, Yang Chen, Hua Yu, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
Jun-Xiu Shao, Ying-Ying Ma, Meng-Yao Liu, Department of Nursing, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
Author contributions: Gu YX and Wang XY contributed equally in analysis of the data and writing of the manuscript; Yu H designed the study; Chen Y, Shao JX, Ni SX, Zhang XM, Shao SY, Zhang Y, Hu WJ, Ma YY, and Liu MY collected the data and corrected the paper; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by the Hongkou District Health Committee, No. Hong Wei 2002-08; and Discipline Promotion Program of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, No. SY-XKZT-2020-1021.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Institutional Review Board (Approval No. 2019047).
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because it is a retrospective study and the data came from electronic medical records in the hospital.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hua Yu, MM, Associate Chief Physician, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University, No. 1279 Sanmen Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200434, China. luckyyuhua@163.com
Received: May 27, 2023
Peer-review started: May 27, 2023
First decision: June 14, 2023
Revised: June 23, 2023
Accepted: August 17, 2023
Article in press: August 17, 2023
Published online: October 27, 2023
Processing time: 152 Days and 18.7 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Rehabilitation of elderly patients with a high body mass index (BMI) after cholecystectomy carries risks and requires the adoption of effective perioperative management strategies. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is a comprehensive treatment approach that facilitates early patient recovery and reduces postoperative complications.

AIM

To compare the effectiveness of traditional perioperative management methods with the ERAS protocol in elderly patients with gallbladder stones and a high BMI.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study examined data from 198 elderly patients with a high BMI who underwent cholecystectomy at the Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital from August 2019 to August 2022. Among them, 99 patients were managed using the traditional perioperative care approach (non-ERAS protocol), while the remaining 99 patients were managed using the ERAS protocol. Relevant indicator data were collected for patients preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, and surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

The comparison results between the two groups of patients in terms of age, sex, BMI, underlying diseases, surgical type, and preoperative hospital stay showed no statistically significant differences. However, the ERAS group had a significantly shorter preoperative fasting time than the non-ERAS group (4.0 ± 0.9 h vs 7.6 ± 0.9 h). Regarding intraoperative indicators, there were no significant differences between the two groups of patients. However, in terms of postoperative recovery, the ERAS protocol group exhibited significant advantages over the non-ERAS group, including a shorter hospital stay, lower postoperative pain scores and postoperative hunger scores, and higher satisfaction levels. The readmission rate was lower in the ERAS protocol group than in the non-ERAS group (3.0% vs 8.1%), although the difference was not significant. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative nausea and vomiting severity, postoperative abdominal distention at 24 h, and daily life ability scores.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study demonstrate that the ERAS protocol confers significant advantages in postoperative outcomes following cholecystectomy, including reduced readmission rates, decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting, alleviated abdominal distension, and enhanced functional capacity. While the protocol may not exhibit significant improvement in early postoperative symptoms, it does exhibit advantages in long-term postoperative symptoms and recovery. These findings underscore the importance of implementing the ERAS protocol in the postoperative management of cholecystectomy patients, as it contributes to improving patients' recovery and quality of life while reducing health care resource utilization.

Keywords: Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol; Cholecystectomy; Rehospitalization rate; Postoperative nausea and vomiting; Degree of abdominal distension; Daily living ability

Core Tip: This study compared the effectiveness of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol with traditional perioperative management methods in elderly patients with gallbladder stones and a high body mass index. The results showed that the ERAS protocol demonstrated significant advantages in postoperative outcomes, including reduced readmission rates, improved postoperative nausea and vomiting, alleviated abdominal distension, and enhanced daily living ability. However, the protocol may not exhibit significant improvement in early postoperative symptoms but demonstrates advantages in long-term symptoms and recovery. Implementing the ERAS protocol in the postoperative management of cholecystectomy patients can contribute to improved recovery and quality of life while reducing health care resource utilization.