Maksimaityte V, Bausys A, Kryzauskas M, Luksta M, Stundiene I, Bickaite K, Bausys B, Poskus T, Bausys R, Strupas K. Gastrectomy impact on the gut microbiome in patients with gastric cancer: A comprehensive review. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13(7): 678-688 [PMID: 34354801 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i7.678]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Augustinas Bausys, MD, Doctor, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio str. 21, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania. abpelikanas@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Surgery
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2021; 13(7): 678-688 Published online Jul 27, 2021. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i7.678
Gastrectomy impact on the gut microbiome in patients with gastric cancer: A comprehensive review
Vaidota Maksimaityte, Augustinas Bausys, Marius Kryzauskas, Martynas Luksta, Ieva Stundiene, Klaudija Bickaite, Bernardas Bausys, Tomas Poskus, Rimantas Bausys, Kestutis Strupas
Vaidota Maksimaityte, Augustinas Bausys, Marius Kryzauskas, Martynas Luksta, Ieva Stundiene, Tomas Poskus, Rimantas Bausys, Kestutis Strupas, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
Augustinas Bausys, Rimantas Bausys, Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius 08660, Lithuania
Klaudija Bickaite, Bernardas Bausys, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
Author contributions: Maksimaityte V and Bausys A contributed equally to this work; Bausys R and Strupas K conceptualized and designed the work; Maksimaityte V, Bausys A, Kryzauskas M, Luksta M, Stundiene I, Bickaite K, Bausys B, and Poskus T performed the literature review and critical revision of the studies; Bausys A and Maksimaityte V prepared the manuscript; Kryzauskas M, Luksta M, Stundiene I, Bickaite K, Bausys B, Poskus T, Bausys R, and Strupas K revised the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Augustinas Bausys, MD, Doctor, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio str. 21, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania. abpelikanas@gmail.com
Received: March 13, 2021 Peer-review started: March 13, 2021 First decision: April 6, 2021 Revised: April 19, 2021 Accepted: May 25, 2021 Article in press: May 25, 2021 Published online: July 27, 2021 Processing time: 131 Days and 11.9 Hours
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and gastrectomy remains the only potentially curative treatment option for this disease. However, the surgery leads to significant physiological and anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including loss of the gastric barrier, an increase in oxygenation levels in the distal gut, and biliary diversion after gastrectomy. These changes in the GI tract influence the composition of the gut microbiome and thus, host health. Gastrectomy-induced dysbiosis is characterized by increased abundance of typical oral cavity bacteria, an increase in aero-tolerant bacteria (aerobes/facultative anaerobes), and increased abundance of bile acid-transforming bacteria. Furthermore, this dysbiosis is linked to intestinal inflammation, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, various GI symptoms, and an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Core Tip: In most cases of gastric cancer (GC) the only life-saving treatment is gastrectomy. Gastrectomy results in significant changes in gut microbiota: Higher abundance of oral cavity bacteria, aero-tolerant bacteria, and bile transforming bacteria, and these changes in the microbiome are related to host health. In this review we discuss current knowledge and the results of recent studies on the changes in gut microbiome after gastrectomy in patients with a history of GC.
