• HLA-A24
• SARS-CoV-2
• Y453F
• cytotoxic T lymphocyte

• T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
• Humans
• SARS-CoV-2/immunology
• Cross Reactions
• Mutation
• Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
• COVID-19/immunology
• HLA-A24 Antigen/immunology
• Peptides/immunology
• Clone Cells

• COVID-19
• commercial insurance
• difference-in-differences
• digital finance
• risk

• Humans
• China/epidemiology
• COVID-19/epidemiology
• COVID-19/economics
• Public Health
• Male
• Emergencies
• Female
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data
• Surveys and Questionnaires
• SARS-CoV-2

• Co-infection
• Influenza B virus
• Influenza a virus
• Multiplex RT-qPCR
• SARS-CoV-2

• Humans
• SARS-CoV-2/genetics
• COVID-19/diagnosis
• Influenza B virus/genetics
• Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine
• Influenza, Human/diagnosis
• Reproducibility of Results
• Sensitivity and Specificity

• Autophagy
• COVID-19
• Clinical treatments
• Coronavirus
• Infectious diseases
• SARS-CoV-2
• Vaccines

• Humans
• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
• Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
• Antiviral Agents/chemistry
• Autophagy

• 81972480 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 81972480 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 81972480 National Natural Science Foundation of China

• COVID-19 infection
• logistic regression
• policy analysis
• regular epidemic prevention and control
• related factors

• COVID-19
• D-dimer
• SARS-CoV-2
• albumin
• lethal outcome
• severity of illness
• vitamin D

• adherens junction
• airway epithelial cells
• antimicrobial therapy
• apical junctional complex
• bacterial infection
• epithelial barrier dysfunction
• permeability
• tight junction
• trans-epithelial electrical resistance
• viral infection

• R01 HL148057 NHLBI NIH HHS
• Mark Lauer Pediatric Research Grant Cleveland Clinic Children's
• R01-HL-148057 NIH HHS

• Immune system
• Nanotechnology
• Respiratory pandemics
• SARS-CoV-2
• Spanish flu

• History, 20th Century
• Humans
• Pandemics
• COVID-19/diagnosis
• COVID-19/epidemiology
• COVID-19 Testing
• Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919
• Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
• Nanotechnology
• Immune System
• Cytokines
• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Rapid antigen tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection have been authorized for emergency use (EUA); however, the performance has not been fully evaluated in clinical contexts. This study aimed to provide evidence regarding the diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests compared with the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in the emergency department (ED) and community.

Patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests using the VTRUST COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test (TD-4531) and real-time RT-PCR on the same day in the ED or community from May 24, 2021, to June 24, 2021, were examined.

Paired nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 4022 suspected COVID-19 patients: 800 in the ED and 3222 in the community. Overall, 62 (1.54%) tested positive, 13 tested indeterminate, and 3947 tested negative by real-time RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 51.61% and 99.44% (overall), 62.50% and 99.61% (ED), and 31.82% and 99.40% (community), respectively. There were 30 false negatives and 22 false positives. Among the false negatives, 16.67% had a cycle threshold (Ct) value of <25.

The VTRUST COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test showed comparable specificity as real-time RT-PCR for the ED and community, but the sensitivity was relatively low, especially when the Ct value was >25. This test can be useful for the rapid identification of infected subjects in an epidemic situation.

• covid-19
• gastrointestinal bleeding
• gastrointestinal stromal tumor

• Aged, 80 and over
• COVID-19
• Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects
• Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications
• Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/surgery
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/complications
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/diagnosis
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery
• Humans
• Jejunum/pathology
• Jejunum/surgery
• Male

In the present work we studied the antiviral activity of the home library of monoterpenoid derivatives using the pseudoviral systems of our development, which have glycoproteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus strains Wuhan and Delta on their surface. We found that borneol derivatives with a tertiary nitrogen atom can exhibit activity at the early stages of viral replication. In order to search for potential binding sites of ligands with glycoprotein, we carried out additional biological tests to study the inhibition of the re-receptor-binding domain of protein S. For the compounds that showed activity on the pseudoviral system, a study using three strains of the infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus was carried out. As a result, two leader compounds were found that showed activity on the Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron strains. Based on the biological results, we searched for the potential binding site of the leader compounds using molecular dynamics and molecular docking methods. We suggested that the compounds can bind in conserved regions of the central helices and/or heptad repeats of glycoprotein S of SARS-CoV-2 viruses.

• SARS-CoV-2
• borneol
• coronavirus surface protein S-spike
• molecular docking
• molecular dynamics
• pseudoviral system
• terpene

• Antiviral Agents/chemistry
• Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
• COVID-19
• Camphanes
• Esters
• Humans
• Molecular Docking Simulation
• Molecular Dynamics Simulation
• SARS-CoV-2
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) poses a great threat to global public health. At present, the number of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths is increasing worldwide. The strategy of comprehensive and scientific detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for special populations and environments provides great support for the prevention and control of this pandemic in China. Our study focused on determining the factors associated with the length of time from symptom onset to the first positive nucleic acid test of throat swabs in COVID-19 patients, evaluating the effect of early positive nucleic acid detection on the disease severity and its significance in prognosis, and predicting the factors associated with the time from positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA test to negative conversion (negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 virus) in COVID-19 patients.

This study included 116 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from January 30, 2020 to March 4, 2020 in Wuhan, China. Throat swab samples were collected for qRT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and all patients included in this study were positive for this test.

The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that disease severity (HR = 0.572; 95% CI 0.348–0.942; p = 0.028) was a protective factor for the time from symptom onset to positive nucleic acid detection. Meanwhile, the time from symptom onset to positive nucleic acid detection (HR = 1.010; 95% CI 1.005–1.020; p = 0.0282) was an independent risk factor for the delay in negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the severity of the disease (HR=1.120; 95% CI 0.771–1.640; p = 0.544) had no correlation with the negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Patients with more severe disease had a shorter time from symptom onset to a positive nucleic acid test. Prolonged time from symptom onset to positive nucleic acid test was an independent risk factor for the delay in negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the severity of the disease had no correlation with negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

In the present work, we have designed three molecules, acyclovir (A), ganciclovir (G) and derivative of hydroxymethyl derivative of ganciclovir (CH₂OH of G, that is D) and investigated their biological potential against the Mpro of nCoV via in silico studies. Further, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of A, G and D were performed using Gaussian 16 on applying B3LYP under default condition to collect the information for the delocalization of electron density in their optimized geometry. Authors have also calculated various energies including free energy of A, G and D in Hartree per particle. It can be seen that D has the least free energy. As mentioned, the molecular docking of the A, G and D against the Mpro of nCoV was performed using iGemdock, an acceptable computational tool and the interaction has been studied in the form of physical data, that is, binding energy for A, G and D were calculated in kcal/mol. It can be seen the D showed effective binding, that is, maximum inhibition that A and G. For a better understanding for the inhibition of the Mpro of nCoV by A, G and D, temperature dependent molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Different trajectories like RMSD, RMSF, Rg and hydrogen bond were extracted and analyzed. The results of molecular docking of A, G and D corroborate with the td-MD simulations and hypothesized that D could be a promising candidate to inhibit the activity of Mpro of nCoV.

• COVID 19
• lived experiences
• phenomenological study
• psychological traumas
• pulmonary involvement

• COVID-19
• Coronavirus
• Dexamethasone
• RNA polymerase
• Remdesivir

• Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives
• Alanine/analogs & derivatives
• Animals
• Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
• Humans
• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19 Drug Treatment

Many coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) survivors show symptoms months after acute illness. The aim of this work is to describe the clinical evolution of Covid-19, one year after discharge. We performed a prospective cohort study on 238 patients previously hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia in 2020 who already underwent clinical follow-up 4 months post-Covid-19. 200 consented to participate to a 12-months clinical assessment, including: pulmonary function tests with diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO); post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms evaluation by the Impact of Event Scale (IES); motor function evaluation (by Short Physical Performance Battery and 2 min walking test); chest Computed Tomography (CT). After 366 [363–369] days, 79 patients (39.5%) reported at least one symptom. A DLCO < 80% was observed in 96 patients (49.0%). Severe DLCO impairment (< 60%) was reported in 20 patients (10.2%), related to extent of CT scan abnormalities. Some degree of motor impairment was observed in 25.8% of subjects. 37/200 patients (18.5%) showed moderate-to-severe PTS symptoms. In the time elapsed from 4 to 12 months after hospital discharge, motor function improves, while respiratory function does not, being accompanied by evidence of lung structural damage. Symptoms remain highly prevalent one year after acute illness.

• COVID-19
• Confirmed cases
• Insurance demand
• Medical burden
• Medical treatment conditions

• COVID-19/therapy
• China/epidemiology
• Humans
• Insurance, Health
• Pandemics
• SARS-CoV-2

The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first originated in Wuhan, China, displaying atypical pneumonia-like respiratory symptoms in affected patients. SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system, and the most common symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, and fever. However, its impact on the digestive system has been shown, and various clinical gastrointestinal manifestations of this disease have been recognized. Some reports have shown acute pancreatitis (AP) as the initial symptom in patients with COVID-19. AP may be a consequence of direct pancreatic damage by the virus because pancreatic acinar cells contain angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor proteins, and SARS-CoV-2 can bind to these receptors, causing pancreatic injury. Moreover, AP may be a secondary indicator of cytokine storms and altered inflammatory responses. Our review of the literature shows that SARS-CoV-2 appears to be a new etiological infectious factor related to AP. In this manuscript, a comprehensive review of case reports and case series of patients with AP and COVID-19 is presented. All reports on COVID-19-associated AP are summarized. All cases are thoroughly analyzed and discussed in-depth.

• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19
• Acute pancreatitis
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global epidemic disease caused by a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), causing serious adverse effects on human health. In this study, we obtained a blood leukocytes sequencing data set of COVID‐19 patients from the GEO database and obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We further analyzed these DEGs by protein–protein interaction analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and identified the DEGs closely related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Then, we constructed a six‐gene model (comprising IFIT3, OASL, USP18, XAF1, IFI27, and EPSTI1) by logistic regression analysis and calculated the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of COVID‐19. The AUC values of the training group, testing group, and entire group were 0.930, 0.914, and 0.921, respectively. The six genes were highly expressed in patients with COVID‐19 and positively correlated with the expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 invasion‐related genes (ACE2, TMPRSS2, CTSB, and CTSL). The risk score calculated by this model was also positively correlated with the expression of TMPRSS2, CTSB, and CTSL, indicating that the six genes were closely related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In conclusion, we comprehensively analyzed the functions of DEGs in the blood leukocytes of patients with COVID‐19 and constructed a six‐gene model that may contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic ideas for COVID‐19. Moreover, these six genes may be therapeutic targets for COVID‐19.

COVID‐19 is a global epidemic and poses a serious risk to human health.

• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV-2
• bioinformatics
• diagnosis
• leukocyte

In a recent issue of Nature Communications, we highlighted in-depth urine proteomic research in which significant immunosuppression was revealed in early SARS-CoV-2- infected patients 1. The application of urine in mapping the landscape of molecular changes closely associated with human diseases has been widely accepted. Herein, we take a systematic review of the published article from the perspective of both methodology and clinical significance.

• 4D-DIA
• COVID-19
• Urine proteome

• COVID related deaths
• life expectancy
• pandemic

• Foods
• Infectivity
• Respiratory viruses
• SARS-CoV-2
• Stability

• COVID-19
• Diet
• Humans
• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
• SARS-CoV-2

Influenza virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus frequently cause viral pneumonia, an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the extreme ages of life. During the last two decades, three outbreaks of coronavirus-associated pneumonia, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome, and the ongoing Coronavirus Infectious Disease—2019 (COVID-19) were reported. The rate of diagnosis of viral pneumonia is increasingly approaching 60% among children identified as having community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Clinical presentation ranges from mild to severe pneumonitis complicated by respiratory failure in severe cases. The most vulnerable patients, the elderly and those living with cancer, report a relevant mortality rate. No clinical characteristics can be useful to conclusively distinguish the different etiology of viral pneumonia. However, accessory symptoms, such as anosmia or ageusia together with respiratory symptoms suggest COVID-19. An etiologic-based treatment of viral pneumonia is possible in a small percentage of cases only. Neuraminidase inhibitors have been proven to reduce the need for ventilatory support and mortality rate while only a few data support the large-scale use of other antivirals. A low-middle dose of dexamethasone and heparin seems to be effective in COVID-19 patients, but data regarding their possible efficacy in viral pneumonia caused by other viruses are conflicting. In conclusion, viral pneumonia is a relevant cause of CAP, whose interest is increasing due to the current COVID-19 outbreak. To set up a therapeutic approach is difficult because of the low number of active molecules and the conflicting data bearing supportive treatments such as steroids.

• Heparin
• Neuraminidase inhibitor
• Remdesivir
• SARS-CoV-2
• Steroids
• Viral pneumonia

• COVID-19
• SARS- CoV-2
• meta-analysis
• systematic review
• viral shedding time

• Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
• Adult
• Asymptomatic Infections
• COVID-19/virology
• Child
• Comorbidity
• Feces/virology
• Humans
• SARS-CoV-2/physiology
• Virus Shedding

• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV2
• cannabinoid receptors
• cannabinoids
• cannabis
• cytokine release syndrome
• cytokine storm
• inflammation

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
• COVID-19/therapy
• Cannabinoids/therapeutic use
• Cannabis/immunology
• Cytokine Release Syndrome/therapy
• Endocannabinoids/metabolism
• Humans
• Pandemics
• Phytotherapy
• SARS-CoV-2/physiology

Background 

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Nearly five million individuals have since been diagnosed with this increasingly common and potentially lethal viral infection. Emerging evidence suggests a disproportionate burden of illness and death among minority communities. We aimed to evaluate the effect of ethnicity on outcomes among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Northern Nevada.

Methods 

The electronic health records of 172 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were obtained from a 946-bed tertiary referral center serving Northern Nevada. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared by ethnic group (Hispanic versus non-Hispanic). Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of mortality. 

Results 

Among 172 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 12 and May 8, 2020, 87 (50.6%) identified as Hispanic and 81 (47.1%) as non-Hispanic. Hispanic individuals were significantly more likely to be uninsured and to live in low-income communities as compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts (27.6% versus 8.2% and 52.9% versus 30.6%, respectively). Hispanic patients were also less likely than non-Hispanics to have a primary care provider (42.5% versus 61.2%). However, mortality was significantly higher among the non-Hispanic population (15.3% versus 5.8%). 

Conclusion 

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected Hispanic individuals in Northern Nevada, who account for only 25.7% of the population but over half of the confirmed cases. The underlying causes of ethnic disparities in COVID-19 incidence remain to be established, but further investigation may lead to more effective community- and systems-based interventions.

• coronavirus
• covid
• covid-19
• ethnic disaprities
• health policy
• racial disparities
• sars-cov-2