• cancer risk factors
• colorectal cancer
• digestive cancer
• gastric cancer

• Humans
• Prospective Studies
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• China/epidemiology
• Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/blood
• Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Incidence
• Aged
• Lipids/blood
• Cholesterol, HDL/blood
• Cholesterol, LDL/blood
• Triglycerides/blood
• Adult
• Colorectal Neoplasms/blood
• Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Stomach Neoplasms/blood
• Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Biomarkers/blood
• East Asian People

• Aged
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
• Colorectal adenoma
• T2DM

• Humans
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
• Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Male
• Female
• Aged
• Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
• Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology
• Adenoma/drug therapy
• Adenoma/pathology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors

• 2024XY158 Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province
• 2024KY1289 Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province
• Y20220026 Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality

• body mass index
• colorectal polyp
• serum lipids

• Humans
• Female
• Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism
• Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
• Metabolome
• Vagina/pathology
• Vagina/metabolism
• Middle Aged
• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Aged
• Metabolomics/methods
• Prognosis
• Risk Assessment/methods
• Cervix Uteri/pathology
• Cervix Uteri/metabolism
• Adult
• Carcinoma, Endometrioid/diagnosis
• Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism
• Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology

• P30 CA023074 NCI NIH HHS
• 39084114 Arizona Biomedical Research Center
• Mary Kay Foundation
• Phoenix Friends Foundation
• Valley Research Partnership
• National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health
• U54 CA143924 NCI NIH HHS

• PIK3CA mutation
• apolipoprotein A5
• colorectal cancer
• oxaliplatin resistance
• reactive oxygen species

• Humans
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
• Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
• Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
• Apolipoprotein A-V/genetics
• Apolipoprotein A-V/metabolism
• Oxaliplatin/pharmacology
• Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use
• Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
• Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
• Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
• Mutation
• Animals
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
• Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
• Mice
• Male
• Apoptosis/drug effects
• Apoptosis/genetics
• Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics
• Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
• Female
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
• Signal Transduction/drug effects

• colorectal cancer
• colorectal polyp
• hyperlipidemia
• low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
• total cholesterol
• triglyceride

• Artificial Intelligence
• Breast cancer
• Clinicomics
• Multi-omics
• Solid cancers

• Humans
• Female
• Artificial Intelligence
• Breast Neoplasms
• Algorithms
• Computational Biology
• Machine Learning

• Colorectal adenomas
• Early onset
• Late onset
• Recurrence

• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Risk Factors
• Multivariate Analysis
• Adenoma/surgery
• Adenoma/pathology
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
• Retrospective Studies

• Biomarkers
• Colorectal advanced adenoma
• Colorectal cancer
• Serum lipidomics
• UHPLC-HRMS

• Humans
• Phosphatidylcholines
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
• Sphingomyelins
• Lipidomics
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Biomarkers
• Adenoma/diagnosis

• colorectal cancer
• drug sensitivity
• endoplasmic reticulum stress
• immune infiltration
• immunotherapy
• lipid metabolism
• prognostic prediction model

• Humans
• Lipid Metabolism
• Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics
• Cross Reactions
• Cytokines
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics

• lactate dehydrogenase
• lipid metabolic markers
• nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• nomogram
• triglycerides

• Key Research and Development Program Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
• Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
• the Independent Project of Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High-Incidence-Tumor

• diagnostic markers
• cancer screening
• computer science

• Humans
• Biological Specimen Banks
• Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
• Colonoscopy
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• United Kingdom
• Early Detection of Cancer/methods

• Wellcome Trust
• MC_PC_17228 Medical Research Council

• colonic microflora
• colorectal cancer
• colorectal neoplasm

Objective: To clarify the relationship between colorectal serrated lesions and serum lipid levels, and provide a scientific basis for the identification and early clinical prevention and treatment of populations that are at risk for colorectal serrated lesions.

Methods: Studies comparing serum lipid levels in patients with colorectal serrated lesions and controls were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. Relevant literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean and standard deviation of the serum lipid levels in patients and controls were extracted from the included literature. The combined weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Review Manager 5.0 software to evaluate the relationship between serum lipid levels and colorectal serrated lesions. Publication bias of the included studies was evaluated by the Egger test.

Results: Twenty-three studies were included, comprising 2,063 patients and 63,909 controls. The serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group (WMD = −0.122 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.170–0.073). Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and serum triglyceride levels in the case group were significantly higher than in the control group, and the WMDs were 0.180 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.061–0.299), 0.155 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.038–0.273), and 0.241 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.181–0.302), respectively.

Conclusion: Colorectal serrated lesions may be related to blood lipid levels. Hyperlipidemia might be a risk factor for colorectal serrated lesions.

Purpose: To establish and validate a model to determine the occurrence risk of colorectal ademomatous polyps.

Methods: A large cohort of 3576 eligible participants who were treated in the Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2019 to December 2021, were enrolled in our study and divided into discovery and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. LASSO regression method was applied for data dimensionality reduction and feature selection. The nomogram for the occurrence risk of colorectal ademomatous polyps was constructed based on multivariate logistic regression. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated regarding its discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability.

Results: A total of 10 high-risk factors were independent predictors of the colorectal ademomatous polyps occurrence and incorporated into the nomogram, including older age, male, hyperlipidemia, smoking, high consumption of red meat, high consumption of salt, high consumption of dietary fiber, Helicobacter pylori infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic diarrhea. The model showed favorable discrimination values, with the area under the curve of the discovery and validation cohorts 0.775 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.755-0.794) and 0.776 (95% CI, 0.744-0.807) respectively. The model was also well-calibrated, with Hosmer-Lemeshow test P = 0.370. In addition, the decision curve analysis revealed that the model had a higher net profit compared with either the screen-all scheme or the screen-none scheme.

Conclusion: In this prospective study, we established and validated a prediction model that incorporated a list of high-risk features related to colorectal ademomatous polyps occurrence, showing favorable discrimination and calibration values.

• Colorectal ademomatous polyps
• Colorectal cancer
• Occurrence risk
• Prediction model

• Cholesterol, HDL
• Cholesterol, LDL
• Colonic Polyps
• Humans
• Obesity/complications
• Triglycerides

Given that the onset of diseases including colorectal cancer precursors is affecting younger individuals and that obesity is an important risk factor for early‐onset, we conducted a study to explore the biochemical profile of differences in serum between early‐onset patients and late‐onset colorectal precancerous lesions.

A total of 1447 patients, including 469 early‐onset patients and 978 late‐onset patients, were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (FAHNU), of which there were 311 sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/P) and 1136 normal adenomas. The distribution of the included categorical variables was compared via Pearson's chi‐squared test, whereas continuous variables were compared by using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test and anova.

Compared with late‐onset patients, the levels of total bilirubin and HDL‐C were lower (p < 0.05), whereas triglyceride and uric acid levels were higher, in early‐onset patients. Interestingly, in the subgroup analysis, triglyceride and uric acid levels remained at higher levels, whereas HDL‐C remained at lower levels, in early‐onset patients than in late‐onset patients. Other characteristics, such as LDL‐C, drinking, γ‐GT, and the N/L ratio, were similar between the two groups. An additional analysis of the association of tumor size with markers showed that lower levels of HDL‐C and higher levels of uric acid were associated with increased tumor size (p < 0.05).

Early‐onset CRC precursor cases exhibit higher levels of triglycerides and lower levels of HDL‐C than late‐onset cases. Additionally, levels of HDL‐C are negatively associated with tumor size, whereas uric acid was positively correlated with tumor size.

Jiawei-Huang Lian-Gan Jiang decoction (JWHLGJD) was developed to treat and prevent the patients with colorectal adenomas (CRA) in China. This study is aimed to discover JWHLGJD's active compounds and demonstrate mechanisms of JWHLGJD against CRA through network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.

All the components of JWHLGJD were retrieved from the pharmacology database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP). The GeneCards database, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database (OMIM), the DrugBank database, and PharmGKB were used to obtain the genes matching the targets. Cytoscape created the compound-target network. The network of target protein-protein interactions (PPI) was constructed using the STRING database. Gene Ontology (GO) functional and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways involved in the targets were analyzed by using the DAVID database. Cytoscape created the component-target-pathway (C-T-P) network. AutoDock Vina software was used to verify the molecular docking of JWHLGJD components and key targets. Core genes linked with survival and tumor microenvironment were analyzed through the Kaplan–Meier plotter and TIMER 2.0 databases, respectively.

Compound-target network mainly contained 38 compounds and 130 targets of the JWHLGJD associated with CRA. TP53, MAPK1, JUN, HSP90AA1, and AKT1 were identified as core targets by the PPI network. KEGG pathway shows that the pathways in cancer, lipids, and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, are the most relevant pathways to CRA. The C-T-P network suggests that the active component in JWHLGJD is capable of regulating target genes of these related pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that berberine and stigmasterol were the top two compounds of JWHLGJD, which had high affinity with TP53 and MAPK1, respectively. And, MAPK1 exerted a more significant effect on the prognosis of adenocarcinoma, for it was highly associated with various immune cells.

Findings in this study provided light on JWHLGJD's active components, prospective targets, and molecular mechanism. It also gave a potential way to uncovering the scientific underpinning and therapeutic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas.

• Biomarker
• Cancer
• Cholesterol homeostasis
• Low-density lipoprotein receptor
• Microenvironment

Lipid disequilibrium and systemic inflammation are reported to correlate with tumorigenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We construct the novel biomarker cholesterol-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) to reflect the synergistic effect of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation on CRC outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of CLR and establish a prognostic model for CRC.

Our study retrospectively enrolled 223 CRC patients who underwent curative surgical resection. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to estimate the overall survival (OS) rates, and the association between serological biomarkers and survival was assessed with a log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied in the univariate and multivariate analyses to identify independent prognostic factors, which were then used to develop a predictive nomogram model for OS in CRC. The nomogram was evaluated by the C-index, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and calibration plot. All cases were grouped into three stratifications according to the total risk points calculated from the nomogram, and the difference in OS between them was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method.

At the end of the study, death occurred in 47 (21%) cases. Patients with low CLR (< 3.23) had significantly prolonged survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that N stage (P < 0.001), harvested lymph nodes (P = 0.021), and CLR (P = 0.005) were independent prognostic factors for OS and a prognostic nomogram was established based on these variables. The nomogram showed good calibration and predictive performance with a superior C-index than TNM stage (0.755 (0.719–0.791) vs. 0.663 (0.629–0.697), P = 0.001). Patients of different risk stratifications based on the total score of nomogram showed distinct survival (P < 0.001).

The nomogram based on CLR and other clinical features can be used as a potentially convenient and reliable tool in predicting survival in patients with CRC.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02471-4.

• Cholesterol-to-lymphocyte ratio
• Colorectal cancer
• Prognostic
• nomogram

• Biomarker
• Ceramide
• LC-MS
• Lipidomics
• Malignant mesothelioma
• PC
• PE
• TG

As a key precancerous lesion, colorectal advanced adenoma (CAA) is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Effective identification of CAA-related biomarkers can prevent CRC morbidity and mortality. Lipids, as an important endogenous substance, have been proved to be involved in the occurrence and development of CRC. Lipidomics is an advanced technique that studies lipid metabolism and biomarkers of diseases. However, there are no lipidomics studies based on large serum samples to explore diagnostic biomarkers for CAA.

An integrated serum lipid profile from 50 normal (NR) and 46 CAA subjects was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Lipidomic data were acquired for negative and positive ionization modes, respectively. Differential lipids were selected by univariate and multivariate statistics analyses. A receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of differential lipids.

A total of 53 differential lipids were obtained by combining univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (P < 0.05 and VIP > 1). In addition, 12 differential lipids showed good diagnostic performance (AUC > 0.90) for the discrimination of NR and CAA by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Of them, the performance of PC 44:5 and PC 35:6e presented the outstanding performance (AUC = 1.00, (95% CI, 1.00–1.00)). Moreover, triglyceride (TAG) had the highest proportion (37.74%) as the major dysregulated lipids in the CAA.

This is the first study that profiled serum lipidomics and explored lipid biomarkers with good diagnostic ability of CAA to contribute to the early prevention of CRC. Twelve differential lipids that effectively discriminate between NR and CAA serve as the potential diagnostic markers of CAA. An obvious perturbation of TAG metabolism could be involved in the CAA formation.

• UHPLC-HRMS
• biomarker
• colorectal advanced adenoma
• colorectal cancer
• serum lipidomics

• Apolipoprotein A1-apolipoprotein B ratio
• Colorectal cancer
• High-density lipoprotein cholesterol-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio
• Liptein cholesterol-apolipoprotein score
• Prognosis

• Cancer
• LDL cholesterol
• LDL receptor
• Monoclonal antibodies
• PCSK9
• Safety
• Vaccine

• 27-hydroxycholesterol
• oxysterols
• colonoscopy
• colorectal adenomas
• colorectal cancer
• colorectal serrated polyp

• Adenoma/blood
• Adenoma/drug therapy
• Adenoma/epidemiology
• Adenoma/pathology
• Biomarkers/blood
• Colonic Polyps/blood
• Colonic Polyps/drug therapy
• Colonic Polyps/epidemiology
• Colonic Polyps/pathology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/blood
• Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Double-Blind Method
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Hydroxycholesterols/blood
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prognosis
• Risk Factors
• United States/epidemiology
• Vitamin D/administration & dosage
• Vitamins/administration & dosage

• P01 HL020948 NHLBI NIH HHS
• P20 GM104416 NIGMS NIH HHS
• R01 CA098286 NCI NIH HHS

• Colorectal cancer
• Lipid metabolism
• Liver X receptor
• Nuclear receptor
• Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase

• Colonic Neoplasms
• Fatty Acids
• Humans
• Lipid Metabolism
• Liver X Receptors
• Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase/metabolism

Recurrence of colorectal polyps is common and impacted by various factors. This study was performed to explore the association between lipid profiles and recurrence of colorectal polyps.

This study retrospectively analyzed the lipid profiles of 435 patients who underwent colonoscopy with removal of colorectal polyps and assessed recurrence of polyps by follow-up colonoscopy. Multivariate regression logistic analysis was used to evaluate the association between lipid profiles and polyp recurrence.

During the 1.5-year follow-up, recurrence of colorectal polyps was observed in 135 of 435 patients (30.34%). Patients with recurrent polyps showed a higher level of triglycerides (P = 0.006) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.008) and apolipoprotein A1 (P = 0.033). The multivariate regression logistic model suggested that an elevated triglyceride level was an independent risk factor for polyp recurrence (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.35; P = 0.039) in patients with advanced adenoma.

Lipid profiles are associated with recurrence of colorectal polyps. An elevated triglyceride level is an independent risk predictor of polyp recurrence in patients with advanced adenoma.

• Colorectal polyp
• Lipid profile
• Recurrence
• Risk factor
• Triglyceride

• Chemometric analysis
• Ionization
• Lipidomics
• Lipids
• Mass analyser
• Mass spectrometry
• Sample introduction

• Humans
• Lipidomics
• Lipids/classification
• Mass Spectrometry

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasms. Our goal is to explore the relationship between NAFLD and colorectal cancer (CRC) and to analyze potential indicators for screening CRC in NAFLD based on clinical big data.

Demographic information and routine clinical indicators were extracted from Xiangya Medical Big Data Platform. 35,610 NAFLD cases without CRC (as group NAFLD-CRC), 306 NAFLD cases with CRC (as group NAFLD-NonCRC) and 10,477 CRC cases without NAFLD were selected and evaluated. The CRC incidence was compared between NAFLD population and general population by Chi-square test. Independent sample t-test was used to find differences of age, gender and routine clinical indicators in pairwise comparisons of NAFLD-CRC, NAFLD-NonCRC and nonNAFLD-CRC.

NAFLD population had a higher CRC incidence than general population (7.779‰ vs 3.763‰, P < 0.001). Average age of NAFLD-CRC (58.79 ± 12.353) or nonNAFLD-CRC (59.26 ± 13.156) was significantly higher than NAFLD-nonCRC (54.15 ± 14.167, p < 0.001). But age had no significant difference between NAFLD-CRC and nonNAFLD-CRC (P > 0.05). There was no different gender distribution for three groups (P > 0.05). NAFLD-CRC had lower anaemia-related routine clinical indicators such as decrease of red blood cell count, mean hemoglobin content and hemoglobin than NAFLD-nonCRC (P < 0.05 for all). Anemia of NAFLD-CRC was typical but it might be slighter than nonNAFLD-CRC. More interestingly, NAFLD-CRC had distinct characteristics of leukocyte system such as lower white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil count (NEU_C) and higher basophil percentage (BAS_Per) than nonNAFLD-CRC and NAFLD-nonCRC (P < 0.05 for all). Compared with NAFLD-nonCRC, the change of WBC, BAS_Per and NEU_C in NAFLD-CRC was different from that in nonNAFLD-CRC. In addition, NAFLD-CRC had a higher level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), lower level of triglyceride (TG) and Albumin-to-globulin ratio (A/G) than NFLD-nonCRC (P < 0.05 for all).

NAFLD is associated with a high incidence of CRC. Age is an important factor for CRC and the CRC incidence increases with age. Anemia-related blood routine clinical indicators, leukocyte system and blood lipid indicators may be more important variables for identifying CRC in NAFLD. So blood routine test and liver function/blood lipid test are valuable for screening CRC in NAFLD.

• Colorectal neoplasms
• Diagnostic tests, routine
• Early detection of Cancer
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

• lipid peroxidation
• lipidome
• lipids
• lipoxygenases
• male infertility
• oxidative stress
• reactive oxygen species
• spermatozoa

• APP1138701 National Health and Medical Research Council

Background: The aim of our research was to assess the prognostic value of the apolipoprotein B (ApoB) to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) ratio (ApoB/ApoA-I) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.

Methods: We randomly assigned 838 patients into the training cohort (n=578) and the validation cohort (n=260). The cut-off value of the ApoB/ApoA-I in the training cohort identified by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.69 and was further validated in the validation cohort. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was carried out to eliminate the imbalance in the baseline characteristics of the high and low ApoB/ApoA-I group. The PSM cohort of 542 mCRC patients was generated. We also validated our main findings and conclusions with an independent cohort (n=150). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the independent prognostic value of the ApoB/ApoA-I in the training cohort (n=578), the validation cohort (n=260), the PSM cohort (n=542) and the independent cohort (n=150).

Results: Patients in the high ApoB/ApoA-I group had significantly shorter overall survival compared to those in the low ApoB/ApoA-I group in the training cohort, the validation cohort, the PSM cohort and the independent cohort (P <0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that the ApoB/ApoA-I was an independent prognostic index for OS in the training cohort [hazard ratio (HR):1.371; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.205-1.870, P=0.045], the validation cohort (HR: 1.924; 95% CI: 1.360-2.723, P<0.001), the PSM cohort (HR: 1.599; 95% CI: 1.287-1.988, P<0.001) and the independent cohort (HR: 1.949; 95% CI: 1.014-3.747, P=0.046).

Conclusions: An increased baseline serum ApoB/ApoA-I is an independent prognostic factor for a poor prognosis in mCRC patients.

• ApoB to ApoA-I ratio
• metastatic colorectal cancer
• overall survival
• prognostic factor
• retrospective study.

• advanced adenoma
• colorectal polyp
• low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
• triglyceride

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Biomarkers/blood
• Cholesterol, LDL/blood
• Colonic Polyps/blood
• Colonic Polyps/diagnosis
• Colonoscopy
• Humans
• Hyperlipidemias/complications
• Intestinal Polyps/blood
• Intestinal Polyps/diagnosis
• Middle Aged
• Obesity/complications
• Prospective Studies
• Rectal Diseases/blood
• Rectal Diseases/diagnosis
• Risk Factors
• Triglycerides/blood

• PCSK9
• colon carcinoma
• immunization
• liposome
• nanoparticle
• vaccine

The association between metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suggested as one of causes for the increasing incidence of CRC, particularly in younger age groups. The present study examined whether the current age threshold (50 years) for CRC screening in Korea requires modification when considering increased metabolic syndrome.

We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Corporation database, which covers ~97% of the population in Korea. CRC risk was evaluated with stratification based on age and the presence/absence of relevant metabolic syndrome components (diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension).

A total of 51,612,316 subjects enrolled during 2014 to 2015 were analyzed. Among them, 19.3% had diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or some combination thereof. This population had a higher incidence of CRC than did those without these conditions, and this was more prominent in subjects <40 years of age. The optimal cutoff age for detecting CRC, based on the highest Youden index, was 45 years among individuals without diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Individuals with at least one of these components of metabolic syndrome had the highest Youden index at 62 years old, but the value was only 0.2. Resetting the cutoff age from 50 years to 45 years achieved a 6% increase in sensitivity for CRC detection among the total population.

Starting CRC screening earlier, namely, at 45 rather than at 50 years of age, may improve secondary prevention of CRC in Korea.

• Colonic neoplasms
• Diabetes mellitus
• Metabolic syndrome
• Screening
• Youden index

• Atherosclerosis
• chronic mesenteric ischemia
• computed tomography angiography
• endovascular therapy
• median arcuate ligament syndrome

• Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis
• Adenocarcinoma/etiology
• Adenocarcinoma/therapy
• Adenoma/diagnosis
• Adenoma/etiology
• Adenoma/therapy
• Aged
• Biopsy
• Case-Control Studies
• Duodenal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Duodenal Neoplasms/etiology
• Duodenal Neoplasms/therapy
• Duodenoscopy/methods
• Early Detection of Cancer
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Grading
• Neoplasm Staging
• Prevalence
• ROC Curve
• Risk Factors

• the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
• MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities
• the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research grants
• Takeda Science Foundation
• Keio Gijuku Academic Development Funds

An increasing amount of evidence suggests that high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is related to a positive prognosis in various cancers. However, the correlation between HDL‐C and the immune signature and the prognostic role of HDL‐C in stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been previously reported. A total of 667 CRC patients were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the lower limit of normal HDL‐C values (0.78 mmol/L). We used Kaplan‐Meier curves and the Cox regression model to analyze the prognostic role of HDL in both disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Fifty‐five pairs of tumor tissues were selected according to the variation in HDL‐C levels (high or low) and the matched characterizes (ages, T stage, and N stage). Using immunohistochemistry, tumor tissues were stained with antibodies against CD3, CD8, CD163, iNOS, Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and CD33. We calculated the density of positively‐stained infiltrating cells in the tumor center (TC) and invasive margin (IM). We then used Spearman rank correlation to further investigate the relationship between HDL‐C levels and the immune signatures. Our results revealed that compared to patients with high HDL‐C levels, patients with low HDL‐C levels had poor 3‐year DFS (68.9% vs 83.1%, P = 0.032) and 5‐year OS rates (66.6% vs 85.3%, P = 0.002). We also identified a positive correlation between HDL‐C and CD3⁺, CD8⁺ and iNOS⁺ cells and a negative correlation between HDL‐C and CD163⁺ cells in both the TC and IM. This study reveals that a low HDL‐C level in stage II/III CRC patients predicts poor prognosis. The correlation between the HDL‐C level and immune signature in tissue specimens suggested that HDL‐C is likely to play an inhibitory role in tumor development via affecting immune responses.

• HDL-C
• colorectal cancer
• immune signature

• Colorectal cancer
• Fatty acids
• Lipidomics
• Metabolism
• Oxylipins
• Polar lipids

• Adipose Tissue/metabolism
• Biomarkers/metabolism
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
• Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Humans
• Lipid Metabolism/genetics
• Lipids/chemistry
• Lipids/genetics
• Triglycerides/metabolism

• 2016/22/E/NZ4/00665 Narodowe Centrum Nauki

The prevention, diagnosis and targeted therapies of cancer are important in cancer controlling and treatment. The present challenge about cancer biomarker still remains in identifying the special biomarkers for predicting cancer risk and assessing patient’s response during anticancer treatment. Lipidomics, in simple definition is the quantification of all lipids in a confined biological entity. Lipids play roles in membrane structure, energy storage, and signal transduction as well as in human cancers. Previous researches indicated that lipids may serve as a promising biomarker in the early diagnoses and individualized treatment of cancer.

• Biomarkers
• Cancer
• Clinical lipidomics
• Early diagnosis
• Individualized treatment

• big data
• risk factors
• sessile serrated adenoma
• traditional serrated adenoma

An increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with a western style diet, particularly hyperlipidemia. The expression of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), a membrane-bound receptor for long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), was examined in 36 cases of subserosal-invading CRC and compared with clinicopathological parameters as well as triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the blood. All patients with CRC expressed GPR40, which was positively associated with blood TG levels (P<0.0001) but not with blood LDL levels. GPR40 expression was positively associated with nodal metastasis, distant metastasis (particularly to the liver), stage and poor prognosis. Patients with high GPR40 expression and high TG levels had comparatively worse survival outcomes compared with patients with low GPR40 expression and low TG levels. The results of the present study suggest that activation of GPR40 may be associated with the progression and prognosis of CRCs. High levels of GPR40 and/or concurrent high levels of GPR40 and TG may be a risk for CRC progression.

• GPR40
• hyperlipidemia
• long-chain fatty acid
• metastasis