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Sun H, Li C, Shi Y, Wang Y, Li J, Fan L, Yu Y, Ji X, Gao X, Hou K, Li Y. Investigating the L-Glu-NMDA receptor-H 2S-NMDA receptor pathway that regulates gastric function in rats' nucleus ambiguus. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389873. [PMID: 38751777 PMCID: PMC11094298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In previous investigations, we explored the regulation of gastric function by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and L-glutamate (L-Glu) injections in the nucleus ambiguus (NA). We also determined that both H2S and L-Glu have roles to play in the physiological activities of the body, and that NA is an important nucleus for receiving visceral sensations. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential pathway link between L-Glu and H2S, resulting in the regulation of gastric function. Methods Physiological saline (PS), L-glutamate (L-Glu, 2 nmol), NaHS (2 nmol), D-2-amino-5-phopho-novalerate (D-AP5, 2 nmol) + L-Glu (2 nmol), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 2 nmol) + L-Glu (2 nmol), D-AP5 (2 nmol) + NaHS (2 nmol) were injected into the NA. A balloon was inserted into the stomach to observe gastric pressure and for recording the changes of gastric smooth muscle contraction curve. The gastric fluid was collected by esophageal perfusion and for recording the change of gastric pH value. Results Injecting L-Glu in NA was found to significantly inhibit gastric motility and promote gastric acid secretion in rats (p < 0.01). On the other hand, injecting the PS, pre-injection N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker D-AP5, cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) inhibitor AOAA and re-injection L-Glu did not result in significant changes (p > 0.05). The same injection NaHS significantly inhibit gastric motility and promote gastric acid secretion in rats (p < 0.01), but is eliminated by injection D-AP5 (p > 0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that both exogenous L-Glu and H2S injected in NA regulate gastric motility and gastric acid secretion through NMDA receptors. This suggests that NA has an L-Glu-NMDA receptor-CBS-H2S pathway that regulates gastric function.
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Al-Sowayan NS, Abdullah Almarzougi R. Vitamin E reduces oxidative stress in brains of male albino male rats undergoing immobilization. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103900. [PMID: 38173441 PMCID: PMC10761899 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress can lead to various health problems. Exposure to stress is linked to several diseases including cancer, hypertension, diabetes, mental disorders, and heart attacks. Stress stimulates several pathways that produce free radicals, which increases oxidative stress. This results in functional and structural damage to organs, such as the brain, which is highly sensitive to oxidative stress Vitamin E is a naturally occurring potent antioxidant used for various purposes. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate how vitamin E protects the brain and to what extent it affects antioxidant levels in rats subjected to two hours per day of immobilization stress, the form of stress with the strongest effect. The rats were immobilized by folding their limbs in and wrapping them in netting to prevent movement, while allowing their tails to be extended. The rats were then hung upside down. The effect of vitamin E was tested by intraperitoneally injecting rats with 40 mg/kg of vitamin E daily. Oxidative stress parameters were determined at the completion of the experiment. A dramatic decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and an increase in catalase (CAT), including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), has been shown by vitamin E in the brain. The effects of vitamin E were significantly higher in the acute and chronic stress groups than in the control group. Vitamin E can decrease oxidative stress in stressed rats, indicating that it exerts therapeutic and protective effects owing to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reem Abdullah Almarzougi
- Master Student and Biology Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Chen KB, Wu ZW, Wang J, Zhu LH, Jin XL, Chen GF, Kang MX, Huang Y, Zhang H, Lin LL, Shi DK, Wu D, Chen JF, Chen J, Zhao ZQ. Efficacy and safety of long-term transcutaneous electroacupuncture versus sham transcutaneous electroacupuncture for delayed gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy: study protocol for a randomized, patient-assessor blinded, controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:189. [PMID: 35241130 PMCID: PMC8895584 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after distal gastrectomy impacts patients’ nutritional status and quality of life. The current treatments of DGE seem unsatisfactory or need invasive interventions. It is unknown whether transcutaneous electroacupuncture (TEA) is effective in treating DGE. Methods A total of 90 eligible participants who underwent distal gastrectomy will be randomly allocated to either the TEA group (n = 60) or the sham transcutaneous electroacupuncture (sham-TEA) group (n = 30). Each participant will receive TEA on the bilateral acupoints of Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6) for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes will be the residual rates of radioactivity in the stomach by gastric scintigraphy and total response rates. The secondary outcomes will be endoscopic features, autonomic function, nutritional and psychological status, serum examination, and quality of life (QoL). The adverse events will also be reported. The patients will be followed up 1 year after the treatment. Discussion The findings of this randomized trial will provide high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of long-term TEA for treating DGE after distal gastrectomy. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000033965. Registered on 20 June 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Bo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ling-Hua Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, No. 3 East Qing-Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Guo-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Mu-Xing Kang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Le-Le Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Di-Ke Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shang-Yu branch of SAHZU, School of Medicine, No. 517 Shi-Min Road, Shaoxing, 312300, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (SAHZU), School of Medicine, No.88 Jie-Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shang-Yu branch of SAHZU, School of Medicine, No. 517 Shi-Min Road, Shaoxing, 312300, China.
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Perioperative Electroacupuncture Can Accelerate the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function in Cancer Patients Undergoing Pancreatectomy or Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5594263. [PMID: 33859707 PMCID: PMC8026294 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5594263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effect of perioperative acupuncture on accelerating gastrointestinal function recovery has been reported in colorectal surgery and distal gastrectomy (Billroth-II). However, the evidence in pancreatectomy and other gastrectomy is still limited. A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted between May 2018 and August 2019. Consecutive patients undergoing pancreatectomy or gastrectomy in our hospital were randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture (EA) group and the control group. The patients in the EA group received transcutaneous EA on Bai-hui (GV20), Nei-guan (PC6), Tian-shu (ST25), and Zu-san-li (ST36) once a day in the afternoon, and the control group received sham EA. Primary outcomes were the time to first flatus and time to first defecation. In total, 461 patients were randomly assigned to the groups, and 385 were analyzed finally (EA group, n = 201; control group, n = 184). Time to first flatus (3.0 ± 0.7 vs 4.2 ± 1.0, P < 0.001) and first defecation (4.2 ± 0.9 vs 5.4 ± 1.2, P < 0.001) in the EA group were significantly shorter than those in the control group. Of patients undergoing pancreatectomy, those undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) surgery benefitted from EA in time to first flatus (P < 0.001) and first defecation (P < 0.001), while those undergoing distal pancreatectomy did not (Pflatus=0.157, Pdefecation=0.007) completely. Of patients undergoing gastrectomy, those undergoing total gastrectomy and distal gastrectomy (Billroth-II) benefitted from EA (P < 0.001), as did those undergoing proximal gastrectomy (P=0.015). Patients undergoing distal gastrectomy (Billroth-I) benefitted from EA in time to first defecation (P=0.012) but not flatus (P=0.051). The time of parenteral nutrition, hospital stay, and time to first independent walk in the EA group were shorter than those in the control group. No severe EA complications were reported. EA was safe and effective in accelerating postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery. Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, IORT surgery, total gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy, or distal gastrectomy (Billroth-II) could benefit from EA. This trial is registered with NCT03291574.
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Zhang S, Li S, Liu Y, Ye F, Yin J, Foreman RD, Wang D, Chen JDZ. Electroacupuncture via chronically implanted electrodes improves gastric dysmotility mediated by autonomic-cholinergic mechanisms in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13381. [PMID: 29856090 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). However, its mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms of the prokinetic effects of EA in a rodent model of FD. METHODS A FD model was established by neonatal treatment of iodoacetamide (IA). Eight weeks later, the rats were implanted with electrodes in the stomach for the measurement of gastric slow waves (GSW) and electrodes into acupoints ST36 for EA. Autonomic functions were assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability. KEY RESULTS (i) The IA-treated rats ("FD" rats) showed increased dysrhythmia in both fasting and fed states (P < .01) as well as during rectal distention (P < .02). EA reduced the percentage of dysrhythmia (P < .05 for both fasting and fed) and normalized RD-induced impairment in GSW in "FD" rats. Atropine blocked the effect of EA on GSW. (ii) "FD" rats showed delayed gastric emptying (P = .001 vs control) that was accelerated with EA (P = .01, vs sham-EA). (iii) "FD" rats showed increased plasma norepinephrine (P = .006, vs control) that was suppressed with EA (P = .003) and reduced vagal activity that was improved with EA. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Gastric motility (GSW and GE) is impaired in rats treated with IA, possibly attributed to impaired autonomic functions. EA improves GSW and accelerates GE mediated via the autonomic and cholinergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - S Li
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of traditional Chinese medicine, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - F Ye
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Hepatology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - J Yin
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R D Foreman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - D Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin No. 254 Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - J D Z Chen
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chen KB, Lu YQ, Chen JD, Shi DK, Huang ZH, Zheng YX, Jin XL, Wang ZF, Zhang WD, Huang Y, Wu ZW, Zhang GP, Zhang H, Jiang YH, Chen L. Transcutaneous electroacupuncture alleviates postoperative ileus after gastrectomy: A randomized clinical trial. World J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 10:13-20. [PMID: 29492186 PMCID: PMC5827033 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v10.i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electroacupuncture (TEA) to alleviate postoperative ileus (POI) after gastrectomy.
METHODS From April 2014 to February 2017, 63 gastric cancer patients were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. After gastrectomy, the patients were randomly allocated to the TEA (n = 33) or control (n = 30) group. The patients in the TEA group received 1 h TEA on Neiguan (ST36) and Zusanli (PC6) twice daily in the morning and afternoon until they passed flatus. The main outcomes were hours to the first flatus or bowel movement, time to nasogastric tube removal, time to liquid and semi-liquid diet, and hospital stay. The secondary outcomes included postoperative symptom assessment and complications.
RESULTS Time to first flatus in the TEA group was significantly shorter than in the control group (73.19 ± 15.61 vs 82.82 ± 20.25 h, P = 0.038), especially for open gastrectomy (76.53 ± 14.29 vs 87.23 ± 20.75 h, P = 0.048). Bowel sounds on day 2 in the TEA group were significantly greater than in the control group (2.30 ± 2.61/min vs 1.05 ± 1.26/min, P = 0.017). Time to nasogastric tube removal in the TEA group was earlier than in the control group (4.22 ± 1.01 vs 4.97 ± 1.67 d, P = 0.049), as well as the time to liquid diet (5.0 ± 1.34 vs 5.83 ± 2.10 d, P = 0.039). Hospital stay in the TEA group was significantly shorter than in the control group (8.06 ± 1.75 vs 9.40 ± 3.09 d, P = 0.041). No significant differences in postoperative symptom assessment and complications were found between the groups. There was no severe adverse event related to TEA.
CONCLUSION TEA accelerated bowel movements and alleviated POI after open gastrectomy and shortened hospital stay.
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7
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Effects and mechanisms of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on high-fat-diet—induced obese rats. Nutrition 2015; 31:1416-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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8
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Li H, He T, Xu Q, Li Z, Liu Y, Li F, Yang BF, Liu CZ. Acupuncture and regulation of gastrointestinal function. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8304-8313. [PMID: 26217082 PMCID: PMC4507100 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, acupuncture has been considered an effective method for treating gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction diseases for thousands of years. In fact, acupuncture has gained progressive acceptance from both practitioners and patients worldwide. However, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction have not yet been established due to a lack of systematic and comprehensive review articles. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for GI dysfunction and the associated underlying mechanisms. A search of PubMed was conducted for articles that were published over the past 10 years using the terms “acupuncture”, “gastrointestine”, and other relevant keywords. In the following review, we describe the effect and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture on GI function from the perspectives of GI motility, visceral sensitivity, the GI barrier, and the brain-gut axis. The dual regulatory effects of acupuncture may manifest by promoting gastric peristalsis in subjects with low initial gastric motility, and suppressing peristalsis in subjects with active initial motility. In addition, the regulation of acupuncture on gastric motility may be intensity-dependent. Our findings suggest that further studies are needed to investigate the effects and more systematic mechanisms in treating GI dysfunction, and to promote the application of acupuncture for the treatment of GI diseases.
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Li F, He T, Xu Q, Lin LT, Li H, Liu Y, Shi GX, Liu CZ. What is the Acupoint? A preliminary review of Acupoints. PAIN MEDICINE 2015; 16:1905-15. [PMID: 25975413 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, acupoints are specifically chosen sites of acupuncture manipulation, and also the basis for studying the mechanism of acupuncture. Stimulating different acupoints on the body surface could provide various therapeutic benefits. However, what is the acupoint? This question is not clear. REVIEW SUMMARY We focuse on examining the function of acupoints from different perspectives, including the local and the systemic effects of stimulating acupoints. For example, acupoints may release certain substances or incur some changes, which could adjust the function of organs, maintain homeostasis. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of verum acupoints versus sham acupoints were discussed. However, due to insufficience in evidence and in current methodologies, research into mechanisms of acupuncture is still incomplete. CONCLUSION This review might explain, to some extent, what an acupoint is. Further research into the identity of acupoints is warranted, and multidisciplinary methods using novel technologies may yield significant advances over existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.,Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Tian He
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Li-Ting Lin
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.,Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.,Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China.,Graduate school, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312, Anshan West Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Li Q, Zhang M, Zhao H, Dong L, Wang G, Jin Y. Electroacupuncture at ST36 accelerates the recovery of gastrointestinal motility after colorectal surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Acupunct Med 2014; 32:223-6. [PMID: 24739815 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 can accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal motility after colorectal surgery. METHODS Forty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II and III undergoing elective open resection of malignant colorectal tumours were included in this study. Using a sealed envelope method, the patients were randomly divided into two groups either receiving EA (EA group) or sham EA (SEA group). Data regarding the recovery of bowel function (times to the first bowel sounds, passage of flatus and defaecation) were collected and analysed. RESULTS In the EA group, the time intervals from surgery to the first bowel movement and passage of flatus were shorter than in the SEA group (13±10 h vs 19±13 h, p<0.05 and 23±14 h vs 32±18 h, p<0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the time to first defaecation (68±45 h vs 72±53 h, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS EA at ST36 accelerates the recovery of gastrointestinal motility after colorectal surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION JJ22011-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Quanyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haifang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Simple acupoints prescription flow chart based on meridian theory: a retrospective study in 102 dogs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:129315. [PMID: 23762103 PMCID: PMC3671677 DOI: 10.1155/2013/129315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To help the clinicians prescribe acupoints easily and effectively, we developed one simple flow chart to select acupoints. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of flow chart to select acupoints in dogs. Total 102 dogs showing intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) (n = 12), vomiting (n = 11), diarrhea (n = 2), abdominal pain (n = 5), cough (n = 66), or epilepsy (n = 6) received acupuncture treatment according to the chart, and its outcomes were evaluated as regards clinical symptoms, duration, treatment numbers, and recovery time. Dogs (8/8) with IVDD from grades I to III recovered over periods of 5 days to 6 weeks after 1–12 treatments, while 1/4 dogs with grade IV recovered over 7 weeks after 15 treatments. Vomiting dogs with acute/subacute (n = 8) and chronic symptoms (n = 3) required about 1 and 7 treatments to recover fully, respectively. All dogs (n = 5) with abdominal pain showed fast relief within 24 hours after acupuncture. Two diarrhea cases recovered over 2–9 days after 1-2 treatments. Fifty-four of 66 coughing dogs were recovered by 1-2 treatments. And 5 of 6 epilepsy dogs under a regular acupuncture treatment had no epileptic episode during followup of 12 months. These results suggest that this flow chart can help the clinicians prescribe acupoints effectively.
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12
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Jung YS, Kim MY, Lee HS, Park SL, Lee KJ. Effect of DA-9701, a novel prokinetic agent, on stress-induced delayed gastric emptying and hormonal changes in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:254-9, e166. [PMID: 23216854 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DA-9701 is a novel prokinetic agent formulated with Pharbitis Semen and Corydalis Tuber. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DA-9701 on stress-induced delay in gastric emptying and changes in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and ghrelin levels in rats. METHODS Changes in gastric emptying in response to different durations of stress were evaluated. Gastric emptying was compared between the following groups: (i) nonstressed vehicle- or DA-9701-treated group, (ii) nonstressed vehicle- or mosapride-treated group, (iii) 2-h stressed vehicle- or DA-9701-treated group, and (iv) 2-h stressed vehicle- or mosapride-treated group. Water immersion restraint stress was used as the stressor. DA-9701 or mosapride at 3 mg kg(-1) was administered to the rats after subjecting them to 2-h stress, and then gastric emptying was measured using the phenol red method. KEY RESULTS Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in the 2-h stressed group compared with the nonstressed group. Mosapride administration resulted in significant recovery from the stress-induced delay in gastric emptying. Gastric emptying in the rats that underwent 2-h stress followed by DA-9701 administration was not significantly different from that in the nonstressed group. The plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and active ghrelin levels in the 2-h stressed group were significantly higher than those in the nonstressed group. These increases were significantly inhibited by DA-9701. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The administration of DA-9701 improved delayed gastric emptying and inhibited the hormonal changes induced by stress, suggesting that DA-9701 can be used as a gastroprokinetic agent for the treatment of delayed gastric emptying, particularly that associated with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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13
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NMDA Receptors of Gastric-Projecting Neurons in the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus Mediate the Regulation of Gastric Emptying by EA at Weishu (BL21). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:583479. [PMID: 22654955 PMCID: PMC3359673 DOI: 10.1155/2012/583479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have been conducted to explore the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility. While several lines of evidence addressed the basic mechanism of EA on gastrointestinal motility regarding effects of limb and abdomen points, the mechanism for effects of the back points on gastric motility still remains unclear. Here we report that the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist kynurenic acid inhibited the gastric emptying increase induced by high-intensity EA at BL21 and agonist NMDA enhanced the effect of the same treatment. EA at BL21 enhanced NMDAR, but not AMPA receptor (AMPAR) component of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) in gastric-projecting neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). In sum, our data demonstrate an important role of NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission of gastric-projecting DMV neurons in mediating EA at BL21-induced enhancement of gastric emptying.
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14
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Neural acupuncture unit: a new concept for interpreting effects and mechanisms of acupuncture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:429412. [PMID: 22474503 PMCID: PMC3310280 DOI: 10.1155/2012/429412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When an acupuncture needle is inserted into a designated point on the body and
mechanical or electrical stimulation is delivered, various neural and neuroactive
components are activated. The collection of the activated neural and neuroactive
components distributed in the skin, muscle, and connective tissues surrounding the
inserted needle is defined as a neural acupuncture unit (NAU). The traditionally defined
acupoints represent an anatomical landmark system that indicates local sites where NAUs
may contain relatively dense and concentrated neural and neuroactive components, upon
which acupuncture stimulation would elicit a more efficient therapeutic response. The
NAU-based local mechanisms of biochemical and biophysical reactions play an important
role in acupuncture-induced analgesia. Different properties of NAUs are associated with
different components of needling sensation. There exist several central pathways to
convey NAU-induced acupuncture signals, Electroacupuncture (EA) frequency-specific
neurochemical effects are related to different peripheral and central pathways transmitting
afferent signals from different frequency of NAU stimulation. More widespread and intense
neuroimaging responses of brain regions to acupuncture may be a consequence of more
efficient NAU stimulation modes. The introduction of the conception of NAU provides a
new theoretical approach to interpreting effects and mechanisms of acupuncture in
modern biomedical knowledge framework.
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15
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Lee CH, Kim DK, Yook TH, Sasaki M, Kitamura N. Effectiveness of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) on the immunohistochemical density of enteroendocrine cells related to gastrointestinal function. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2012; 5:63-71. [PMID: 22483184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli on the immunohistochemical density of enteroendocrine cells related to gastrointestinal function. The authors investigated the histochemical changes of mucous substances and immunohistochemical density of gastrin, serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secreting cells in rats. Staining density of mucous substances and the enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract was observed with histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Stainless steel needles with a diameter of 0.25 mm were inserted into Zusanli (St36, 5mm below the head of the fibula under the knee joint, and 2mm lateral to the anterior tubercle of the tibia) and connected to an electrical stimulator. The electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation was delivered for 30 minutes at 10 mA, 2 Hz in EA stimulation (2EA group) or 4 Hz in EA stimulation (4EA group) in each experimental group. In 4EA stimulation at the Zusanli, staining density of Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff on mucous substances of the stomach body was stronger than those of the 2EA and control groups. Periodic acid-Schiff staining density of pyloric mucosa in the 4EA group was stronger than that of the 2EA and control groups. The immunohistochemical staining density of gastrin, serotonin, and CGRP-secreting cells of pylorus in the 2EA and 4EA groups was stronger than that of the control group. Immunohistochemical staining density of insulin and PP secreting cells of islets of the pancreas in the 2EA and 4EA groups was stronger than that of the control group. These results suggest that EA stimulus at St36 has the potential to influence gastric mucous substances and enteroendocrine cells (gastrin, serotonin, CGRP, insulin, and PP) that subsequently modulate digestive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Oriental Medicine, Woosuk University, Chonbuk, Korea
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16
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Banihashemi L, O'Neill EJ, Rinaman L. Central neural responses to restraint stress are altered in rats with an early life history of repeated brief maternal separation. Neuroscience 2011; 192:413-28. [PMID: 21736922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Repeated brief maternal separation (i.e. 15 min daily, MS15) of rat pups during the first one to two postnatal weeks enhances active maternal care received by the pups and attenuates their later behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stress. In previous work, we found that MS15 also alters the developmental assembly and later structure of central neural circuits that control autonomic outflow to the viscera, suggesting that MS15 may alter central visceral circuit responses to stress. To examine this, juvenile rats with a developmental history of either MS15 or no separation (NS) received microinjection of retrograde neural tracer, FluoroGold (FG), into the hindbrain dorsal vagal complex (DVC). After 1 week, FG-injected rats and surgically intact littermates were exposed to either a 15-min restraint stress or an unrestrained control condition, and then perfused 1 h later. Brain tissue sections from surgically intact littermates were processed for Fos alone or in combination with phenotypic markers to examine stress-induced activation of neurons within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and hindbrain DVC. Compared to NS controls, MS15 rats displayed less restraint-induced Fos activation within the dorsolateral BNST (dBNST), the caudal PVN, and noradrenergic neurons within the caudal DVC. To examine whether these differences corresponded with altered neural inputs to the DVC, sections from tracer-injected rats were double-labeled for FG and Fos to quantify retrogradely labeled neurons within hypothalamic and limbic forebrain regions of interest, and the proportion of these neurons activated after restraint. Only the dBNST displayed a significant effect of postnatal experience on restraint-induced Fos activation of DVC-projecting neurons. The distinct regional effects of MS15 on stress-induced recruitment of neurons within hypothalamic, limbic forebrain, and hindbrain regions has interesting implications for understanding how early life experience shapes the functional organization of stress-responsive circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Banihashemi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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17
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Chen Y, Liu S. Progress in treatment of gastrointestinal functional disorders by electroacupuncture at Zusanli. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:705-709. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i7.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture at human acupuncture points has an important impact on gastrointestinal motility. Zusanli, the He-sea point of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming, is one of the most common points for electroacupuncture. Electroacupuncture at Zusanli at a specific frequency can improve gastrointestinal functional diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux, functional dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome. Although there is still controversy over the efficacy of electroacupuncture at Zusanli for gastrointestinal functional diseases, many studies support the notion that electroacupuncture at Zusanli plays an important role in modulating gastrointestinal functional diseases. In this paper we review the recent progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal functional diseases by electroacupuncture at Zusanli.
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18
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acupuncture has been used for treating various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. However, the mechanism of acupuncture remains unclear. METHODS The aim of this article is to review the published literature on the mechanism of acupuncture on neuromodulation in the gut. RESULTS Acupuncture treatment involves the insertion of thin needles into the skin and underlying muscle and the subsequent stimulation of the needles manually or electrically. Thus, acupuncture stimulates the somatic afferent nerves of the skin and muscles. The somatic sensory information from the body is carried to the cortex area of the brain. Somatic sensory fibers also project to the various nuclei at the brain stem and hypothalamus. Via somato-autonomic reflex, acupuncture modulates various biomechanical responses, such as prokinetic, antiemetic, and anti-nociceptive effects. CONCLUSION According to traditional Chinese medicine, "Acupuncture is believed to restore the balance of Yin and Yang." This can be translated into the Western medicine terminology that "Acupuncture modulates the imbalance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic activity." Acupuncture may be effective in patients with functional GI disorders because of its effects on GI motility and visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toku Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
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19
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Suzuki H, Hibi T. Acotiamide (Z-338) as a possible candidate for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:595-9. [PMID: 20553562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acotiamide hydrochloride is a novel upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility modulator and stress regulator currently being developed for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). The mechanism underlying the enhancement of GI motility by this agent has been proposed to be based on its muscarinic antagonism and inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase activity. Pathophysiological studies showed that acotiamide significantly improved both delayed gastric emptying and feeding inhibition in restraint stress-induced model, but did not affect both normal gastric emptying and feeding in intact animals, indicating that acotiamide exerted effects only on the impaired gastric emptying and feeding behavior. According to the clinical pilot study in Europe, acotiamide, at the dose of 100 mg t.i.d., showed to improve the symptoms and quality of life of patients with FD, indicating the need for larger scale symptomatic studies on the efficacy of acotiamide in patients with FD. The recent phase II studies conducted in Japan presented in this issue of the journal also confirmed that acotiamide, at the optimal dose of 100 mg, has potential therapeutic efficacy, especially for meal-related FD symptoms. Although a phase III study is on going, acotiamide is now expected as a novel treatment option for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Imai K, Ariga H, Takahashi T. Electroacupuncture improves imbalance of autonomic function under restraint stress in conscious rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2009; 37:45-55. [PMID: 19222111 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0900662x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture may modulate the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. It is well known that restraint stress delays gastric emptying via inhibiting parasympathetic activity and/or stimulating sympathetic activity in rats. We have previously shown that electroacupuncture (EA) improves delayed gastric emptying induced by restraint stress in rats. To investigate whether the beneficial effect of EA on delayed gastric emptying is associated with its modulatory effects on autonomic nervous activity, we utilized spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). In rats, the power in the low frequency (LF; 0.04-1.0 Hz) and high frequency (HF; 1.0-3 Hz) band of HRV represent sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, respectively. Electrocardiography (ECG)-electrodes were implanted on the subcutaneous tissues of the back. One week after the surgery, ECG was recorded before, during and after the restraint stress loading in a conscious state. EA (10 Hz) was applied at bilateral acupuncture points [ST-36 (lower leg) or BL-21 (back)] during restraint stress loading. In response to restraint stress, heart rate and LF component were increased, suggesting the increased activity of sympathetic tone. EA at ST-36 significantly reduced the elevated heart rate and LF, compared to that of control group. EA at ST-36 also significantly increased HF component after finishing the stress loading. In contrast, EA at BL-21 had no significant effect on the heart rate, LF and HF. It is suggested that EA at ST-36 stimulates parasympathetic activity and inhibits sympathetic activity under the restraint stress in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Imai
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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21
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Seto K, Sasaki T, Katsunuma K, Kobayashi N, Tanaka K, Tack J. Acotiamide hydrochloride (Z-338), a novel prokinetic agent, restores delayed gastric emptying and feeding inhibition induced by restraint stress in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008; 20:1051-9. [PMID: 18482254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acotiamide hydrochloride (Z-338) is a member of new class prokinetic agents currently being developed for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). DNA microarray analysis showed that acotiamide altered the expressions of stress-related genes such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, GABA transporters and neuromedin U (NmU) in the medulla oblongata or hypothalamus after administration of acotiamide. Therefore, effects of acotiamide on stress-related symptoms, delayed gastric emptying and feeding inhibition, in rats were examined. Acotiamide significantly improved both delayed gastric emptying and feeding inhibition in restraint stress-induced model, but did not affect both basal gastric emptying and feeding in intact rats, indicating that acotiamide exerted effects only on gastric emptying and feeding impaired by the stress. On the other hand, mosapride showed significant acceleration of gastric emptying in intact and restraint stress-induced model, and itopride showed no effect on restraint stress-induced delayed gastric emptying. In addition, gene expression of NmU increased by restraint stress was suppressed by administration of acotiamide, while acotiamide had no effect on delayed gastric emptying induced by an intracerebroventricular administration of NmU, suggesting that the suppressive effect of acotiamide on gene expression of NmU might be important to restore delayed gastric emptying or feeding inhibition induced by restraint stress. These findings suggest that acotiamide might play an important role in regulation of stress response. As stress is considered to be a major contributing factor in the development of FD, the observed effects may be relevant for symptom improvement in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seto
- Central Research Laboratories, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Saitama, Japan
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22
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Zhang H, Han T, Sun LN, Huang BK, Chen YF, Zheng HC, Qin LP. Regulative effects of essential oil from Atractylodes lancea on delayed gastric emptying in stress-induced rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:602-611. [PMID: 18430552 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric motor dysfunction induced by psychological stress results in many symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD). There are a number of herbal medicines that are reported to improve gastrointestinal motor. However, the mechanisms of considerable herbal medicines are not explicit. In the present study, the effects of an essential oil (EO) extracted from Atractylodes lancea on delayed gastric emptying, gastrointestinal hormone and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) abnormalities induced by restraint stress in rats were investigated and the mechanism of the EO is also explored. Oral administration of EO for 7 days did not affect normal gastric emptying, but accelerated delayed gastric emptying induced by restraint stress in rats. The EO significantly increased the levels of motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) and decreased the levels of somatostatin (SS) and CRF. The EO did not modify gastric emptying in vagotomized rats that underwent restraint stress, but antagonized delayed gastric emptying induced by intracisternal injection of CRF. These results suggest that the regulative effects of the EO on delayed gastric emptying are preformed mainly via inhibition of the release of central CRF and activation of vagal pathway, which are also involved in the release of gastrointestinal hormones such as MTL, GAS and SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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23
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Iwa M, Tateiwa M, Sakita M, Fujimiya M, Takahashi T. Anatomical evidence of regional specific effects of acupuncture on gastric motor function in rats. Auton Neurosci 2007; 137:67-76. [PMID: 17884736 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To obtain the anatomical evidences of possible neural pathways in mediating acupuncture-induced gastric motor responses, we studied c-Fos immunohistochemistry of the brain stem in response to acupuncture in rats. Acupuncture needles were inserted at the bilateral acupoints of ST-36 (lower limb) or ST-25 (abdomen) for 30 min. After acupuncture, the brainstem was removed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry. The total number of c-Fos immunopositive cells was counted in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Acupuncture at ST-36, but not ST-25, significantly increased the number of c-Fos immunopositive cells at the DMV to 6.7 +/- 0.4 cells/section, compared to that of controls (1.7 +/- 0.2 cells/section) (n=5, P<0.05). Acupuncture at ST-25, but not ST-36, significantly increased the number of c-Fos immunopositive cells at the RVLM to 12.6 +/- 0.8 cells/section, compared to that of controls (4.2 +/- 0.7 cells/section) (n=5, P<0.05). Acupuncture at ST-36 also increased the number of c-Fos immunopositive cells at the medio-caudal and caudal NTS. On the other hand, acupuncture at ST-25 increased the number of c-Fos immunopositive cells at the medio-caudal NTS. It is suggested that somatic afferents activated by acupuncture at ST-36 is conveyed to the medio-caudal and caudal NTS and stimulates the DMV neurons. In contrast, somatic afferents activated by acupuncture at ST-25 is conveyed to the medio-caudal NTS and stimulates the RVLM neurons. The RVLM neurons are known as premotor sympatho-excitatory neurons that provide drive to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord. Thus, acupuncture at ST-36 stimulates gastric motility via vagal efferents, while acupuncture at ST-25 inhibits gastric motility via sympathetic efferents in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iwa
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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24
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Izgüt-Uysal VN, Bülbül M, Tan R, Derin N, Ustünel I, Ağar A, Yargiçoğlu P. Effect of chronic stress and L-carnitine on rat stomach. J Physiol Sci 2007; 57:187-92. [PMID: 17547782 DOI: 10.2170/physiolsci.rp004707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM L-Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the mitochondrial transfer of fatty acids, and it is also a scavenger of free radicals in mammalian tissues. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine on chronic restraint stress-induced gastric mucosal injury. METHODS Wistar rats were applied restraint stress (1 h/day) and L-carnitine (50 mg/kg) for 21 days. The lesion index, prostaglandin E(2) and mucus content, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity in gastric mucosa were evaluated. RESULTS Chronic restraint stress increased the lesion index, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase activity in gastric mucosa, and it decreased prostaglandin E(2) and mucus content. L-Carnitine treatment prevented the stress-induced increase in lesion index, lipid peroxidation and a stress-induced decline in prostaglandin E(2), and mucus content in gastric mucosa, but it increased catalase activity. CONCLUSIONS L-Carnitine prevents the occurrence of lesion by strengthening the gastric mucosal barrier and by reducing lipid peroxidation against the harmful effects of chronic restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nimet Izgüt-Uysal
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
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25
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Chen L, Liu S. High-frequency electroacupuncture at Zusanli point promotes colonic propulsive motility in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:2962-2964. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i30.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the changes of colonic propulsive movement in rats after high-frequency electroacupuncture stimulation (EAS) at Zusanli (ST-36).
METHODS: A total of 33 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and averagely divided into Zusanli acupuncture, sham EAS, and Zusanli EAS group, named A, B, and C, respectively. The parameters of EAS were set at 100 Hz, 3 mA. In the experiment, one plastic bead (3 mm in diameter) was pushed 3 cm into the rats' rectum with a slender tube, and the time for bead excretion was recorded in all the rats.
RESULTS: The time for bead excretion under EAS condition was shortened about 27% in group C as compared with that under normal condition, and there was significant difference (1142.8 ± 123.9 s vs 1563.5 ± 155.9 s, P < 0.01). However, the time in group A and B were not significantly different before and after stimulation (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Colonic propulsive movement can be obviously promoted by high-frequency EAS at ST-36.
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Yang ZB, Yan J, Zou XP, Yi SX, Chang XR, Lin YP, Li XP. Enhanced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in gastric mucosal cells by the serum derived from rats treated with electroacupuncture at stomach meridian acupoints. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:5557-61. [PMID: 17007000 PMCID: PMC4088245 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i34.5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of serum derived from rats treated with electroacupuncture at stomach meridian acupoints on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in gastric mucosal cells.
METHODS: The stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rat model was established by water-immersion and restrained stress methods. 52 rats were randomly divided into: normal group (n = 8), model group (n = 8), model serum group (n = 12), stomach serum group (n = 12), and gallbladder serum group (n = 12). The gastric mucosal cells were separated by pronase-EDTA digestion method and incubated with serum. The EGFR gene expression in gastric mucosal cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.
RESULTS: Compared with normal group (0.6860 ± 0.0594), the serum derived from rats of the stomach group (1.2272 ± 0.0813, P = 0.00 < 0.01) and gallbladder group (0.9640 ± 0.0387, P = 0.00 < 0.01) had a tendency to enhance the EGFR gene expression in gastric mucosal cells. Such tendency existed in the model group (0.7104 ± 0.0457) but with no significant difference (P = 0.495 > 0.05) and in model serum group (0.8516 ± 0.0409) with an extremely obvious difference (P = 0.001 < 0.01). Furthermore, the EGFR gene expression in stomach serum group was significantly higher than that in gallbladder serum group (P = 0.00 < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The present study shows that serum derived from rats treated with electroacupuncture at stomach meridian acupoints can distinctly increase the EGFR gene expression of gastric mucosal cells. Therefore, there is certain meridian specificity in the serum, which could provide a proof for the TCM theory “particular relation between meridian and internal organ”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Bao Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
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