Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Diabetes. Jul 10, 2015; 6(7): 983-989
Published online Jul 10, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.983
Table 1 Characteristics of South Asian volunteers
Characteristics of 29 South Asian volunteersMean (SD)
Age (yr)34.6 (8.9)
Weight (kg)69.6 (18.4)
Body-mass index (kg/m2)25 (5.2)
Waist circumference (cm)86.8 (16.3)
Hip circumference (cm)101 (10)
Hip to waist ratio0.892 (0.144)
Systolic BP (mmHg)119 (13)
Diastolic BP (mmHg)75.8 (8.8)
Energy from carbohydrates (%)45 (6.3)
Energy from fats (%)40.8 (5.8)
Energy from protein (%)9.4 (6.8)
Energy from sugars (%)12.6 (7.5)
Energy from starch (%)32 (8.5)
Energy from saturated fat (%)9.7 (5.8)
Energy from monounsaturated fat (%)10.7 (5.2)
Energy from polyunsaturated fat (%)6.8 (2.9)
Energy from alcohol (%)0.5 (2.2)
BP: Blood pressure.
Table 2 Fasting metabolic indices and monocyte CD36 expression amongst South Asian volunteers
Characteristics of 29 South Asian volunteersMedian (interquartile range)
Plasma glucose (mmol/L)5.09 (4.50, 5.47)
Serum NEFA (mmol/L)0.416 (0.264, 0.514)
Serum cholesterol (mmol/L)3.41 (2.95, 3.96)
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)0.9 (0.67, 1.44)
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)1.27 (0.98, 1.48)
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)2.03 (1.56, 2.44)
Apolipoprotein AI (g/L)1.21 (1.10, 1.43)
Apolipoprotein B (g/L)0.58 (0.46, 0.77)
VLDL subfraction cholesterol (mmol/L)1.26 (0.97, 1.44)
LDL subfraction cholesterol (mmol/L)1.3 (0.80, 1.65)
HDL2 subfraction cholesterol (mmol/L)0.58 (0.41, 0.76)
HDL3 subfraction cholesterol (mmol/L)0.37 (0.25, 0.51)
VLDL subfraction triglyceride (mmol/L)0.34 (0.24, 0.43)
LDL subfraction triglyceride (mmol/L)0.27 (0.17, 0.55)
HDL2 subfraction triglyceride (mmol/L)0.08 (0.06, 0.15)
HDL3 subfraction triglyceride (mmol/L)0.06 (0.04, 0.08)
Insulin (mU/L)4.64 (2.60, 8.23)
Adiponectin (ng/mL)1.79 (0.65, 2.65)
Plasma soluble CD36 (mmol/L)108 (0, 249)
Total monocyte CD36 (Mon CD36+ per μL)361 (301, 432)
Monocyte CD36 on Mon1 (%)81.8 (75.1, 85.8)
Monocyte CD36 on Mon2 (%)7.2 (5.0, 10.3)
Monocyte CD36 on Mon3 (%)10.5 (8.7, 16.6)
Monocyte subset. Mon1: CD14(+)CD16(-)CCR2(+); Mon2: CD14(+)CD16(+)CCR2(+); Mon3: CD14(low)CD16(+)CCR2(-); NEFA: Non-esterified fatty acids; VLDL: Very low density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density liporprotein.
Table 3 Correlation between characteristics and fasting metabolic indices against percentage monocyte CD36 expression
Characteristics and fasting metabolic indicesSpearman correlation coefficient (P)
Mon1Mon2Mon3
Body-mass index-0.438 (0.02)0.156 (0.43)0.418 (0.027)
Hip circumference-0.633 (0.002)0.419 (0.06)0.483 (0.027)
Serum NEFA-0.349 (0.06)0.151 (0.43)0.478 (0.009)
Apolipoprotein AI-0.282 (0.14)0.475 (0.009)0.149 (0.44)
Energy from total fat (%)-0.472 (0.036)0.399 (0.08)0.458 (0.04)
Energy from monounsaturated fat (%)-0.691 (< 0.001)0.724 (< 0.001)0.230 (0.33)
Energy from carbohydrates (%)0.645 (0.002)-0.496 (0.026)-0.533 (0.016)
Monocyte subset. Mon1: CD14(+)CD16(-)CCR2(+); Mon2: CD14(+)CD16(+)CCR2(+); Mon3: CD14(low)CD16(+)CCR2(-); NEFA: Non-esterified fatty acids.
Table 4 Changes in metabolic factors absolute monocyte CD36 expression pre and post administration of oral glucose
Circulating concentrations following the administration of glucose
P
0 min30 min120 min
Monocyte CD36 on Mon1 (Mon CD36+ per μL)300 (240, 324)223 (187, 254)353 (323, 382)< 0.001
Monocyte CD36 on Mon2 (Mon CD36+ per μL)23.9 (17.9, 32.3)21.3 (17.2, 30.8)29.9 (18.1, 39.6)0.011
Monocyte CD36 on Mon3 (Mon CD36+ per μL)36.7 (24.3, 53.2)26.1 (18.4, 45.8)34.4 (31.3, 48.7)0.03
Total monocyte CD36 (Mon CD36+ per μL)361 (308, 432)278 (240, 324)422 (394, 458)< 0.001
Plasma glucose (mmol/L)5.09 (4.5, 5.47)6.68 (4.93, 8.12)5.2 (4.64, 6.07)0.08
Serum NEFA (mmol/L)0.416 (0.264, 0.514)0.215 (0.098, 0.326)0.094 (0.071, 0.207)< 0.001
Serum cholesterol (mmol/L)3.41 (2.95, 3.96)3.29 (2.95, 3.95)3.44 (3.06, 3.80)0.52
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)0.9 (0.67, 1.44)0.83 (0.55, 1.19)1.01 (0.54, 1.35)0.26
VLDL cholesterol (mmol/L)11.26 (0.97, 1.44)1.31 (0.94, 1.50)1.42 (1.27, 1.62)0.001
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)11.39 (0.89, 1.71)1.61 (0.8, 1.82)1.92 (1.58, 2.24)0.003
HDL2 cholesterol (mmol/L)10.600 (0.425, 0.735)0.470 (0.360, 0.725)0.540 (0.415, 0.820)0.19
HDL3 cholesterol (mmol/L)10.395 (0.285, 0.505)0.330 (0.205, 0.450)0.325 (0.250, 0.570)0.43
VLDL triglyceride (mmol/L)10.338 (0.223, 0.440)0.263 (0.213, 0.365)0.265 (0.105, 0.353)0.37
LDL triglyceride (mmol/L)10.270 (0.170, 0.505)0.250 (0.170, 0.360)0.275 (0.125, 0.385)0.16
HDL2 triglyceride (mmol/L)10.080 (0.055, 0.138)0.070 (0.043, 0.093)0.060 (0.028, 0.100)0.09
HDL3 triglyceride (mmol/L)10.058 (0.035, 0.083)0.035 (0.013, 0.045)0.038 (0.025, 0.065)0.12
1Subfraction lipids. Data are median (interquartile range). NEFA: Non-esterified fatty acids; VLDL: Very low density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density liporprotein.