Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jul 10, 2015; 6(7): 983-989
Published online Jul 10, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.983
CD36 expression and lipid metabolism following an oral glucose challenge in South Asians
Jeetesh V Patel, Amitava Banerjee, Silvia Montoro-Garcia, Eduard Shantsila, Mushfique Alam, Paul Flinders, Kathleen AL Houlton, Elizabeth A Hughes, Gregory YH Lip, Paramjit S Gill
Jeetesh V Patel, Amitava Banerjee, Silvia Montoro-Garcia, Eduard Shantsila, Elizabeth A Hughes, Gregory YH Lip, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, B71 4HJ West Midlands, United Kingdom
Jeetesh V Patel, Sandwell Medical Research Unit, Sandwell General Hospital, Lyndon, B71 4HJ West Bromwich, United Kingdom
Mushfique Alam, Paramjit S Gill, Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT West Midlands, United Kingdom
Paul Flinders, Kathleen AL Houlton, Medical School, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH West Midlands, United Kingdom
Author contributions: All authors contributed to this manuscript.
Supported by The British Heart Foundation (Project Grant Award: PG PG/08/014); A postdoctoral research grant from the Fundación Ramón Areces (Spain) (to Dr. Montoro-Garcia S).
Ethics approval statement: The study was reviewed ethically by the nationalised Ethics Review board (NRES) and locally and institutionally by the Research and Development Department. Details appear below. The Study was peer reviewed by the British Heart Foundation, who approved funding.
Informed consent statement: All involved persons (subjects or legally authorized representative) gave written informed consent prior to study inclusion.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare they have no competing interests.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at Dryad repository, who will provide a permanent, citable and open-access home for the dataset.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Jeetesh V Patel, Sandwell Medical Research Unit, Sandwell General Hospital, Lyndon, B71 4HJ West Bromwich, United Kingdom. jeeteshp@gmail.com
Telephone: +44-121-5073971 Fax: +44-121-5073216
Received: January 23, 2015
Peer-review started: January 24, 2015
First decision: February 7, 2015
Revised: April 20, 2015
Accepted: May 5, 2015
Article in press: May 6, 2015
Published online: July 10, 2015
Processing time: 168 Days and 0.1 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To investigate lipid metabolism and the relationship with monocyte expression of the fatty acid translocase CD36 in South Asians.

METHODS: An observational study of South Asians whom as an ethnic group have - a higher risk of developing diabetes. The susceptibility to diabetes is coupled with an earlier and more rapid progression of micro-, and macro-vascular complications. Twenty-nine healthy South Asian participants [mean age 34.6 (8.9) years, 76.2% male, mean body-mass index 25.0 (5.2) kg/m2] were recruited from an urban residential area of central Birmingham (United Kingdom). The main outcomes measured were post prandial (30 min) and post absorptive (120 min) changes from fasting (0 min) in circulating lipoproteins, lipds and hormones, and monocyte expression of CD36 post injection of a 75 g oral glucose challenge. The inducements of variations of monocyte CD36 expression were analysed.

RESULTS: Our results showed evident changes in monocyte CD36 expression following the glucose challenge (P < 0.001). Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels decreased progressively during the challenge (P < 0.001), in contrast to increased cholesterol (but not triglyceride) concentrations within very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein subfractions (P < 0.01). Levels of, glucose, serum triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol remained largely unchanged. Variations of monocyte CD36 were negatively (r = -0.47, P = 0.04) associated to fat from the diet and positively to carbohydrate from the diet (r = 0.65, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the initiation of VLDL genesis follows the consumption of glucose within this population, inferring that the sequestration of NEFA from these particles happens due to the increased availability of CD36 receptors. While these are preliminary results, it would appear that lifestyle exposures have a role in moderating the expression of CD36.

Keywords: CD36; Lipoprotein; Glucose; South Asians; Diabetes; Micro-vascular; Macro-vascular

Core tip: This study investigated the relationship between the expression of fatty acid translocase CD36 on monocytes and lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in South Asians. Post prandial and post absorptive changes from fasting in circulating lipids, lipoproteins, hormones and monocyte expression of CD36 were recorded subsequent to an oral glucose challenge. Our results showed discernible changes in monocyte CD36 expression post glucose administration. These data suggest that the production of very low density lipoprotein occurs subsequent to the ingestion of glucose within this population. It is presumed that the sequestration of non-esterified fatty acids from these particles happens due to an increase in availability of CD36 receptors.