Diabetes-related impairment in bone strength is established early in the life course

Table 1 Pooled data from all mice ages 5 to 15 wk

Parameter	mean ± SEMNOD	NOD.scid
Body composition properties (DXA)
Body weight	19.7 ± 0.6	19.9 ± 0.4
BMC	0.37 ± 0.40	0.34 ± 0.30
BMD	0.04 ± 0.04	0.040 ± 0.001
Body fat	2.8 ± 0.1	2.9 ± 0.2
Lean mass	14.7 ± 0.4	14.8 ± 0.2
% Fat	15.8 ± 0.7	16.2 ± 0.7
Trabecular bone properties (microCT)
TV	1.5 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.1
BV	0.10 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.011
BV/TV	0.06 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.011
Tb. Th	0.050 ± 0.002	0.050 ± 0.002
Tb. N	2.3 ± 0.2	2.80 ± 0.11
Tb. MBV	931.9 ± 20.1	922.9 ± 20.7
Tb. TMD	92.2 ± 8.8	124.5 ± 9.71
Cortical bone properties (microCT)
TV	0.19 ± 0.10	0.21 ± 0.01
BV	0.12 ± 0.02	0.120 ± 0.004
BV/TV	0.60 ± 0.01	0.60 ± 0.01
Ct. TMV	801.8 ± 22.5	770.4 ± 17.51
Ct. TMD	1288.5 ± 15.9	1291.6 ± 16.3

¹Indicates significant difference between groups P < 0.05. BMC: Bone mineral content; BMD: Bone mineral density; BV: Bone volume; TV: Total volume (bone plus marrow); BV/TV: Bone volume fraction; Tb. Tk.: Trabecular thickness; Tb. N: Trabecular number; Tb. TMV: Trabecular material volume; Tb. TMD: Trabecular material density; Ct. TMV: Total cortical material volume; Ct. TMD: Total cortical material density; NOD: Non-obese diabetic; NOD.scid: Syngenic non-diabetic.

Table 2 Presents the bone quality measures using micro computed tomography assessed at 5 and 8 wk

	5 wk		8 wk
	NOD(n = 4)	NOD.scid(n = 4)	NOD(n = 6)	NOD.scid(n = 4)
Body weight	14.9 ± 0.2	19.2 ± 0.41	19.2 ± 0.5	19.9 ± 0.6
BMC	0.19 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.011	0.30 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.01
BMD	0.030 ± 0.001	0.040 ± 0 .002	0.040 ± 0.001	0.040 ± 0.001
Tibia strength	4.5 ± 0.2	10.0 ± 0.8	8.4 ± 0.7	8.2 ± 0.8
Trabecular bone properties
TV	1.4 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.1	1.50 ± 0.06	1.40 ± 0.04
BV	0.08 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.05
BV/TV	0.05 ± 0.021	0.09 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.041
Tb. Tk	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.00	0.05 ± 0.00	0.05 ± 0.01
Tb. N	2.0 ± 0.31	2.8 ± 0.3	2.40 ± 0.09	2.90 ± 0.58
Tb. TMV	63.8 ± 4.9	108.9 ± 7.41	104.3 ± 8.9	137.0 ± 14.6
Tb. TMD	872.7 ± 42.5	930.5 ± 17.6	891.8 ± 21.3	948.8 ± 65.2
Cortical bone properties
TV	0.18 ± 0.021	0.23 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.02
BV	0.10 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.01
BV/TV	0.60 ± 0.03	0.60 ± 0.01	0.63 ± 0.011	0.58 ± 0.01
Ct. TMV	743.5 ± 56.9	787.4 ± 21.5	831.0 ± 13.2	753.0 ± 16.21
Ct. TMD	1262.9 ± 18.9	1324.1 ± 20.8	1304.3 ± 11.0	1258.6 ± 13.4

¹Indicates significant difference between groups P < 0.05. BMC: Bone mineral content; BMD: Bone mineral density; BV: Bone volume; TV: Total volume (bone plus marrow); BV/TV: Bone volume fraction; Tb. Tk: Trabecular thickness; Tb. N: Trabecular number; Tb. TMV: Trabecular material volume; Tb. TMD: Trabecular material density; Ct. TMV: Total cortical material volume; Ct. TMD: Total cortical material density; NOD: Non-obese diabetic; NOD.scid: Syngenic non-diabetic.