Comparative efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world experience

doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.463

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Mar 15, 2024 (publication date) through Feb 21, 2025

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2024; 15(3): 463-474
Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.463

Table 1 Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of 467 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.

Baseline features	n (%) or median (IQR)
Female gender	173 (37.04%)
Age (yr)	64 (14.8)
Ethnicity
British white	338 (72.37%)
Diabetes duration (yr)	16 (9)
Diabetes duration ≥ 10 yr	335 (71.73%)
Years of treatment with SGLT2i	3.6 (2.1)
Body weight (kg)	99 (29)
BMI (kg/m²)	34 (7.58)
BP (mmHg)
Systolic	144 (21)
Diastolic	82 (16)
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	78 (25.5)
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	74 (21)
eGFR (mL/min/m²)	88.5 (17)
Urine ACR	2.1 (3.95)
GGT	38 (0)
Concomitant medications
Basal-bolus (novorapid + long-acting insulin)	32 (18.7)
Mixed insulin (novomix-30 insulin)	53 (26.4)
Long-acting insulin (lemevir, toujeo, lantus, tresiba, absalgar)	83 (38.1)
Metformin	377 (83.9)
Sulfonylurea (glimepride/glyburide/glipizide)	199 (44.7)
DPP4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, or alogliptin)	130 (29.1)
Pioglitazone	22 (5)
GLP1 inhibitor (dulaglutide, exanatide, semaglutide, liraglutide)	94 (20.9)

SGLT2i: Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR: Albumin creatinine ratio; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; DPP4: Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4; GLP1: Glucagon like peptide 1.

Table 2 Follow-up metabolic/clinical/lab parameters for dapagliflozin

Clinical/lab/parameter	Baseline, median (IQR; n)	6 months F/U, median (IQR; n)	12 months, median (IQR; n)	Latest, median (IQR; n)	P value (baseline vs latest)
HbA1c	78 (25.3; 227)	68 (25; 204)^a	66.5 (22.8; 190)^b	69 (24; 191)	< 0.001
Weight	101 (29.5; 198)	95.4 (28.2; 150)^a	95.9 (29.2; 144)^a	92.2 (25.6; 93)	< 0.001
BMI	33.7 (6.6; 81)	-	-	33.9 (6.38; 44)	0.002
Systolic BP	145 (21.3; 185)	-	142 (23; 159)	142 (23.3; 112)	0.080
Diastolic BP	84 (14; 185)	-	80 (14; 159)^b	80 (19.3; 112)	< 0.001
Albuminuria (> 3 mmol/mg)	5.2 (17.4; 39)	3 (14.9; 24)^a	2.1 (6.38; 18)^a	4.4 (11.9; 30)	0.063

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 3 Follow-up metabolic/clinical/lab parameters for canagliflozin

Clinical/lab/parameter	Baseline, median (IQR; n)	6 months F/U, median (IQR; n)	12 months, median (IQR; n)	Latest, median (IQR; n)	P value (baseline vs latest)
HbA1c	80 (25.5; 160)	67.5 (20; 132)^b	67 (16.3; 128)^b	66 (28; 135)	< 0.001
Weight	100 (28.3; 125)	97.6 (27.5; 91)^a	98.3 (30.4; 74)	95.3 (27.5; 58)	< 0.001
BMI	35.1 (8.1; 73)	-	-	32.5 (9.38; 50)	< 0.001
Systolic BP	145 (18; 121)	-	145 (21.3; 84)	138 (22.8; 64)	0.041
Diastolic BP	84 (18; 121)	-	80.5 (11.2; 84)^a	79.5 (19; 64)	0.013
Albuminuria (> 3 mmol/mg)	14.1 (42.6; 40)	17.1 (30.4; 12)	7.3 (12.3; 21)^a	8.9 (23.7; 28)	0.043

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 4 Follow-up metabolic/clinical/lab parameters for empagliflozin

Clinical/lab/parameter	Baseline, median (IQR; n)	6 months F/U, median (IQR; n)	12 months, median (IQR; n)	Latest, median (IQR; n)	P value (baseline vs latest)
HbA1c	75 (23.5; 80)	64.5 (25; 64)^b	67 (22.5; 59)^a	66.5 (25.8; 66)	0.002
Weight	92 (27.5; 57)	86 (22.8; 29)^a	82.8 (20.9; 20)^b	89.7 (27.5; 20)	0.207
BMI	33.7 (9.92; 24)	-	-	32.4 (5.57; 6)	0.10
Systolic BP	136 (24.3; 52)	-	137 (26; 23)	130 (25.3; 32)	0.096
Diastolic BP	74 (14.5; 52)	-	74 (16; 23)	75.5 (12.5; 32)	0.187
Albuminuria (> 3 mmol/mg)	6.4 (15; 19)	6.2 (11.8; 7)	3.2 (2.98; 6)	5.9 (2.35; 11)	0.79

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; IQR: Interquartile range.

Citation: Islam L, Jose D, Alkhalifah M, Blaibel D, Chandrabalan V, Pappachan JM. Comparative efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world experience. World J Diabetes 2024; 15(3): 463-474
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v15/i3/463.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.463