Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2024; 15(3): 463-474
Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.463
Table 1 Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of 467 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
Baseline features
n (%) or median (IQR)
Female gender173 (37.04%)
Age (yr)64 (14.8)
Ethnicity
British white338 (72.37%)
Diabetes duration (yr)16 (9)
Diabetes duration ≥ 10 yr335 (71.73%)
Years of treatment with SGLT2i3.6 (2.1)
Body weight (kg)99 (29)
BMI (kg/m2)34 (7.58)
BP (mmHg)
Systolic144 (21)
Diastolic82 (16)
HbA1c (mmol/mol)78 (25.5)
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)74 (21)
eGFR (mL/min/m2)88.5 (17)
Urine ACR2.1 (3.95)
GGT38 (0)
Concomitant medications
Basal-bolus (novorapid + long-acting insulin)32 (18.7)
Mixed insulin (novomix-30 insulin)53 (26.4)
Long-acting insulin (lemevir, toujeo, lantus, tresiba, absalgar)83 (38.1)
Metformin377 (83.9)
Sulfonylurea (glimepride/glyburide/glipizide)199 (44.7)
DPP4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, or alogliptin)130 (29.1)
Pioglitazone22 (5)
GLP1 inhibitor (dulaglutide, exanatide, semaglutide, liraglutide)94 (20.9)
Table 2 Follow-up metabolic/clinical/lab parameters for dapagliflozin
Clinical/lab/parameter
Baseline, median (IQR; n)
6 months F/U, median (IQR; n)
12 months, median (IQR; n)
Latest, median (IQR; n)
P value (baseline vs latest)
HbA1c78 (25.3; 227)68 (25; 204)a66.5 (22.8; 190)b69 (24; 191)< 0.001
Weight101 (29.5; 198)95.4 (28.2; 150)a95.9 (29.2; 144)a92.2 (25.6; 93)< 0.001
BMI33.7 (6.6; 81)--33.9 (6.38; 44)0.002
Systolic BP145 (21.3; 185)-142 (23; 159)142 (23.3; 112)0.080
Diastolic BP84 (14; 185)-80 (14; 159)b80 (19.3; 112)< 0.001
Albuminuria (> 3 mmol/mg)5.2 (17.4; 39)3 (14.9; 24)a2.1 (6.38; 18)a4.4 (11.9; 30)0.063
Table 3 Follow-up metabolic/clinical/lab parameters for canagliflozin
Clinical/lab/parameter
Baseline, median (IQR; n)
6 months F/U, median (IQR; n)
12 months, median (IQR; n)
Latest, median (IQR; n)
P value (baseline vs latest)
HbA1c80 (25.5; 160)67.5 (20; 132)b67 (16.3; 128)b66 (28; 135)< 0.001
Weight100 (28.3; 125)97.6 (27.5; 91)a98.3 (30.4; 74)95.3 (27.5; 58)< 0.001
BMI35.1 (8.1; 73)--32.5 (9.38; 50)< 0.001
Systolic BP145 (18; 121)-145 (21.3; 84)138 (22.8; 64)0.041
Diastolic BP84 (18; 121)-80.5 (11.2; 84)a79.5 (19; 64)0.013
Albuminuria (> 3 mmol/mg)14.1 (42.6; 40)17.1 (30.4; 12)7.3 (12.3; 21)a8.9 (23.7; 28)0.043
Table 4 Follow-up metabolic/clinical/lab parameters for empagliflozin
Clinical/lab/parameter
Baseline, median (IQR; n)
6 months F/U, median (IQR; n)
12 months, median (IQR; n)
Latest, median (IQR; n)
P value (baseline vs latest)
HbA1c75 (23.5; 80)64.5 (25; 64)b67 (22.5; 59)a66.5 (25.8; 66)0.002
Weight92 (27.5; 57)86 (22.8; 29)a82.8 (20.9; 20)b89.7 (27.5; 20)0.207
BMI33.7 (9.92; 24)--32.4 (5.57; 6)0.10
Systolic BP136 (24.3; 52)-137 (26; 23)130 (25.3; 32)0.096
Diastolic BP74 (14.5; 52)-74 (16; 23)75.5 (12.5; 32)0.187
Albuminuria (> 3 mmol/mg)6.4 (15; 19)6.2 (11.8; 7)3.2 (2.98; 6)5.9 (2.35; 11)0.79