Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2024; 15(3): 463-474
Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.463
Comparative efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world experience
Lubna Islam, Dhanya Jose, Mohammed Alkhalifah, Dania Blaibel, Vishnu Chandrabalan, Joseph M Pappachan
Lubna Islam, Mohammed Alkhalifah, Dania Blaibel, Joseph M Pappachan, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
Dhanya Jose, Department of Community Medicine, Goa Medical College, Goa 403202, India
Mohammed Alkhalifah, Department of Family Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
Vishnu Chandrabalan, Department of Data Science, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
Joseph M Pappachan, Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
Joseph M Pappachan, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Co-first authors: Lubna Islam and Dhanya Jose.
Author contributions: Islam L, Alkhalifah M, and Blaibel D collected the clinical data; Jose D performed the statistical analysis and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript; Islam L performed the literature review, and interpretation of relevant data following statistical analysis; Islam L and Jose D helped revision and figure preparation for the paper and share the first authorship of the work; Alkhalifah M, Blaibel D, and Chandrabalan V contributed to the work with additional literature review and revision of the article critically for important intellectual content; Chandrabalan V also procured the patient data from the hospital electronic records; Pappachan JM contributed to the conceptual design of the paper and critically supervised the whole drafting, literature review, revision and modifications of the paper including figure construction and is the final author; and all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the institutional research committee (No: KB/PB/SE-387/2022).
Informed consent statement: This is a retrospective cohort study performed by review of participants’ electronic clinical records only and therefore, patient consent was not necessary and was not obtained.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Authors are happy to share the data on request.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Joseph M Pappachan, MD, FRCP, Academic Editor, Consultant Endocrinologist, Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom. drpappachan@yahoo.co.in
Received: October 28, 2023
Peer-review started: October 28, 2023
First decision: December 29, 2023
Revised: January 2, 2024
Accepted: February 18, 2024
Article in press: February 18, 2024
Published online: March 15, 2024
Core Tip

Core Tip: Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) is associated with significant glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction, body weight loss, and cardiovascular benefits as proven by multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Our real-world data analysis of the efficacy and safety of individual SGLT-2i revealed better reduction of HbA1c with dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin, while better body weight reduction was seen only with dapagliflozin and canagliflozin when compared to RCTs. Blood pressure reduction, and side effect profiles were comparable to previous studies. A significant improvement of albuminuria was obvious only with canagliflozin, presumably because of the low number of participants in this study. Analyses of various large-scale real-world data are expected to inform better clinical practice decision making in future.