Vitamin D, selenium, and antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.209

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Feb 15, 2024 (publication date) through Feb 18, 2025

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Diabetes. Feb 15, 2024; 15(2): 209-219
Published online Feb 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.209

Table 1 Comparison of general data among the three patient groups

Group	Sex (male/female)	Age (yr)	BMI (kg/m²)
Control group (n = 50)	23/27	53.78 ± 7.49	22.88 ± 2.31
Test group A (n = 50)	26/24	52.76 ± 7.88	23.07 ± 2.17
Test group B (n = 50)	22/28	52.52 ± 8.13	22.98 ± 2.30
χ²/F value	1.361	0.364	0.085
P value	0.715	0.695	0.918

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of thyroid function pre-treatment and after 3 and 6 months of treatment in the three groups

Group	TSH (mU/L)			FT3 (pmol/L)			FT4 (pmol/L)
	Pre-treatment	After 3 months of treatment	After 6 months of treatment	Pre-treatment	After 3 months of treatment	After 6 months of treatment	Pre-treatment	After 3 months of treatment	After 6 months of treatment
Control group (n = 50)	14.50 ± 2.30	13.29 ± 2.34	12.89 ± 2.18	2.39 ± 0.77	2.57 ± 0.83	2.65 ± 0.82	7.35 ± 1.35	8.27 ± 1.45	8.96 ± 2.05
Test group A (n = 50)	14.49 ± 2.23	8.37 ± 2.33^a	4.98 ± 1.45^a	2.43 ± 0.80	3.98 ± 0.86^a	5.21 ± 1.26^a	7.28 ± 1.38	11.27 ± 2.16^a	15.51 ± 2.40^a
Test group B (n = 50)	14.70 ± 2.34	8.54 ± 2.41^a^,^b	4.05 ± 1.27^a^,^b	2.48 ± 0.81	4.05 ± 0.90^a^,^b	5.47 ± 1.34^a^,^b	7.26 ± 1.26	11.87 ± 2.27^a^,^b	16.91 ± 2.73^a^,^b
F value	0.133	70.399	416.857	0.162	47.220	89.340	0.063	52.264	155.329
P value	0.875	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.850	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.939	< 0.001	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs group pre-treatment.

^bP < 0.05 vs 3 months after treatment.

TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3: Free T3; FT4: Free T4

Table 3 Comparison of blood glucose index and blood lipid index pre-treatment, 3 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment in 3 groups

Group	TC (mU/L)			TG (pmol/L)
Group	Pre-treatment	After 3 months of treatment	After 6 months of treatment	Pre-treatment	After 3 months of treatment	After 6 months of treatment
Control group (n = 50)	5.13 ± 0.86	4.46 ± 0.81	4.16 ± 0.77	3.21 ± 1.02	2.97 ± 0.91	2.93 ± 0.91
Test group A (n = 50)	4.98 ± 0.89	3.76 ± 0.75^a	2.76 ± 0.68^a	3.17 ± 0.96	2.43 ± 0.71^a	1.98 ± 0.65^a
Test group B (n = 50)	4.96 ± 0.92	3.07 ± 0.68^a^,^b	2.40 ± 0.69^a^,^b	3.16 ± 1.05	2.08 ± 0.64^a^,^b	1.83 ± 0.60^a^,^b
F value	0.546	43.665	84.262	0.033	17.243	32.575
P value	0.581	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.967	< 0.001	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs group pre-treatment.

^bP < 0.05 vs 3 months after treatment.

TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triacylglycerol.

Table 4 Comparison of blood glucose index and blood lipid index pre-treatment, 3 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment in 3 groups

Group	LDL-C (pmol/L)			FBG(pmol/L)			HbA1c(%)
Group	Pre-treatment	After 3 months of treatment	After 6 months of treatment	Pre-treatment	After 3 months of treatment	After 6 months of treatment	Pre-treatment	After 3 months of treatment	After 6 months of treatment
Control group (n = 50)	1.31 ± 0.43	1.43 ± 0.44	1.48 ± 0.45	13.52 ± 3.35	13.46 ± 3.33	13.37 ± 3.28	9.16 ± 1.55	8.90 ± 1.35	7.65 ± 1.26
Test group A (n = 50)	1.34 ± 0.43	1.76 ± 0.46^a	2.18 ± 0.50^a	13.69 ± 3.76	12.34 ± 3.82^a	12.98 ± 2.98^a	8.98 ± 1.58	8.55 ± 1.30	7.09 ± 1.15^a^,^b
Test group B (n = 50)	1.33 ± 0.40	1.87 ± 0.48^a	2.41 ± 0.58^a^,^b	13.60 ± 3.80	9.64 ± 1.45^a	7.30 ± 1.48^a^,^b	9.35 ± 1.52	8.20 ± 1.2^a	6.45 ± 1.10^a^,^b
F value	0.067	11.717	44.330	0.031	20.859	49.495	0.712	3.603	13.130
P value	0.935	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.970	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.492	0.030	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs group pre-treatment.

^bP < 0.05 vs 3 months after treatment.

LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c.

Table 5 Correlations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level and various indexes in test group A

Index	25 (OH) D₃
Index	r	P value
TSH	0.008	0.866
FT3	-0.027	0.853
FT4	-0.326	0.021
TPOAB	-0.017	0.905
TGAB	-0.322	0.021
TC	-0.041	0.776
TG	0.021	0.143
LDL-C	0.177	0.218
FBG	0.111	0.444
HbA1c	0.035	0.810

TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3: Free T3: FT4: Free T4; TPOAB: Thyroid peroxidase antibodies; TGAB: Thyroglobulin antibodies; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triacylglycerol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Hemoglobin a1c; 25 (OH) D₃: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.

Table 6 Correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level and various indexes in test group B

Index	25 (OH) D₃
Index	r	P value
TSH	-0.205	0.866
FT3	-0.069	0.633
FT4	-0.291	0.040
TPOAB	0.107	0.459
TGAB	-0.457	0.001
TC	0.003	0.985
TG	0.148	0.306
LDL-C	-0.025	0.861
FBG	0.079	0.587
HbA1c	0.230	0.108

TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3: Free T3: FT4: Free T4; TPOAB: Thyroid peroxidase antibodies; TGAB: Thyroglobulin antibodies; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triacylglycerol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Hemoglobin a1c; 25 (OH) D₃: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.

Citation: Feng F, Zhou B, Zhou CL, Huang P, Wang G, Yao K. Vitamin D, selenium, and antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. World J Diabetes 2024; 15(2): 209-219
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v15/i2/209.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.209