Effect of resveratrol in gestational diabetes mellitus and its complications

Table 1 Relevant studies about resveratrol intake and the effect

Model	Species	Resveratrol consumption	Duration of treatment	Maternal outcomes	Offspring outcomes	Ref.
C57BL/6	Mice	8.0 mg/kg	16 gestation days	Inhibit expression levels of inflammatory factors, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP and TNF-α↓		[24]
C57BL/KsJ-, Lepdb/+ (db/+)	Mice	10 mg/kg	During pregnancy	Glucose metabolism, insulin tolerance↑, glucose-6-phosphatase↓		[2]
C57BL/6	Mice	0.20%	18 gestation days	p-Akt, miR-23a-3p, p-PI3K, adiponectin, leptin↑		[31]
Female ob/ob mice, female C57BL/6J mice	Mice	3.75 mg/kg	20 d	Plasma insulin and T levels↓, IL-6, TNF-α levels reverted back to normalcy		[44]
Female Sprague-Dawley rats	Rats	100 mg/kg	10 gestation days		p38, JNK, ERK, and RAR phosphorylation return normal	[25]
Female Sprague-Dawley rats	Rats	240 mg/kg	12 gestation days	TC, TG, LDL-C, leptin, resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6↓, HDL-C, adiponectin↑		[41]
Female Sprague-Dawley rats	Rats	147 mg/kg	3-wk lactation period	Blood glucose levels↓, insulin secretion↑	Male offspring obese↓, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and dysregulated gluconeogenesis↓	[39]
Pregnant rats	Rats	100 mg/kg	10 gestation days	Glucose and lipid profile↑	Embryo weight↑, rump length, somite number↓	[54]
Pregnant rats	Rats	100 mg/kg	4 d (gestation days 8th to 12th)	-	Teratogenic effects↓, scavenging enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase↓	[56]
Hypoxia-induced rat model of IUGR	Rats	4 g/kg	9 wk		Intra-abdominal fat deposition, accumulation of TG and ceramides↓, plasma lipid profile↑	[62]
Chicken embryo	Chicken	1 nM/egg	5 embryonic days		Death rate, developmental damage, vessel injury↓	[61]
Between the 24th and 28th weeks’ gestation	Human	80 mg/day	60 d	Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and glucose blood levels↓		[40]
Mature adipocytes	Human	100 μM	45 min to 4 h	Isoprenaline stimulation↑, impaired insulin antilipolytic action		[43]
Placenta, omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle	Human	200 μM	20 h	IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, pro-inflammatory chemokines IL-8, MCP-1↓		[46]
Heparinized placentae	Human	50 and 100 μM, 5 mL boluses at 30 min intervals	150 min		CX3CL1, TNF-α↓	[37]

CRP: C-reactive protein; CX3CL1: CX3C chemokine ligand 1; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; IL: Interleukin; IUGR: Intrauterine growth restriction; JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; RAR: Retinoic acid receptor; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.