Relationship between quality of life and adolescent glycolipid metabolism disorder: A cohort study

Table 1 General characteristics of glycolipid metabolism study in adolescents (mean ± SD)

Variable	Male	Female	F	P value
Anthropometric measures
Age, yr	11.21 ± 0.64	11.13 ± 0.68	7.55	0.006
Height, cm	151.52 ± 8.53	152.08 ± 7.30	2.41	0.121
Weight, kg	45.31 ± 11.87	43.46 ± 10.00	13.81	< 0.001
Waist circumference, cm	68.17 ± 11.07	63.76 ± 8.52	96.30	< 0.001
FBG, mmol/L	4.49 ± 0.45	4.42 ± 0.41	14.81	< 0.001
HbA1c, %	5.37 ± 0.20	5.37 ± 0.19	0.04	0.843
Insulin, pmol/L	82.91 ± 81.09	85.30 ± 70.01	0.48	0.486
Insulin resistance index	2.42 ± 2.65	2.41 ± 2.13	0.01	0.952
Creatinine, mmol/L	52.86 ± 10.60	53.96 ± 28.20	1.26	0.261
Uric acid, μmol/L	333.51 ± 83.13	305.13 ± 66.72	65.16	< 0.001
TG, mean, mmol/L	1.04 ± 0.52	1.09 ± 0.49	4.41	0.036
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.43 ± 0.32	1.43 ± 0.30	0.00	0.994
LDL-C, mmol/L	1.84 ± 0.43	1.84 ± 0.44	0.02	0.893
Physical activity, min/day	3.52 ± 0.62	3.52 ± 0.57	0.01	0.939
Sleep score	45.08 ± 5.85	45.97± 6.38	10.36	0.001
Dietary intake, g/day
Cereals and potatoes	183.48 ± 173.6	160.72 ± 164.5	8.86	0.003
Vegetables	207.71 ± 197.7	216.41 ± 213.8	0.88	0.349
Red meat	159.26 ± 199.9	152.11 ± 204.2	0.61	0.434
Nutritional supplements	20.05 ± 32.04	19.29 ± 32.57	0.27	0.603
Increased BMI during pregnancy, kg/m2	1.82 ± 0.75	1.82 ± 0.75	0.05	0.829
13 domains of QoL
Self-satisfaction	50.83 ± 11.09	49.33 ± 11.48	8.60	0.003
Relationship of teacher and pupil	53.62 ± 10.20	53.81 ± 9.64	0.19	0.665
Physical feeling	50.32 ± 10.53	49.60 ± 11.00	2.16	0.142
Companionship	54.34 ± 9.88	53.14 ± 10.96	6.49	0.011
Parenthood	52.13 ± 10.83	50.73 ± 11.76	7.43	0.007
Physical activity ability	50.11 ± 10.96	50.13 ± 10.23	0.01	0.966
Learning ability and attitude	52.34 ± 9.92	51.41 ± 10.33	4.14	0.042
Self-esteem	51.18 ± 11.20	49.75 ± 10.84	8.21	0.004
Negative emotion	48.23 ± 10.79	47.14 ± 11.57	4.61	0.032
Attitude towards doing homework	51.44 ± 9.23	51.59 ± 9.00	0.13	0.716
Activity opportunity	54.99 ± 9.40	54.39 ± 9.64	1.88	0.170
Living convenience	54.41 ± 7.88	54.54 ± 7.47	0.14	0.704
Other	50.99 ± 10.01	50.60 ± 10.13	0.71	0.401
Four factors of QoL
Psychosocial factor	64.71 ± 10.26	65.25 ± 10.17	1.36	0.244
Physical and mental health factor	36.00 ± 6.02	35.77 ± 5.90	0.73	0.393
Living environment factor	24.36 ± 4.20	23.73 ± 4.28	10.58	0.001
Quality of life satisfaction factor	25.13 ± 4.31	24.72 ± 4.42	4.38	0.037
Mother’s education, yr, n (%)
Approximately 9	314 (31.15)	325 (34.17)	2.35	0.308
Approximately 12	360 (35.71)	315 (33.12)
≥ 15	334 (33.13)	311 (32.70)
Father’s education, yr, n (%)
Approximately 9	277 (27.48)	250 (26.29)	6.22	0.045
Approximately 12	338 (33.53)	369 (38.80)
≥ 15	393 (38.99)	332 (34.91)
Income, Yuan/year, n (%)
Approximately 25000	155 (15.38)	141 (14.83)	2.74	0.741
Approximately 50000	166 (16.47)	168 (17.67)
Approximately 100000	236 (23.41)	245 (25.76)
Approximately 150000	190 (18.85)	163 (17.14)
Approximately 200000	117 (11.61)	106 (11.15)
> 200000	144 (14.29)	128 (13.46)
Region
Urban, n (%)	764 (75.79)	728 (76.55)	0.16	0.694
Rural, n (%)	244 (24.21)	223 (23.45)

IR: Insulin resistance; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; QoL: Quality of life; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Effect of dimensions of quality of life on glycolipid metabolism disorder

Variable		FI		IR		TG		HDL
		β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value
Model 1 (domains of QoL)	Self-satisfaction	-0.399 (-0.696, -0.102)	0.009	-0.011 (-0.021, -0.001)	0.028	-0.003 (-0.005, -0.001)	0.004	0.000 (-0.001, 0.002)	0.509
	Relationship of teacher and pupil	-0.272 (-0.607, 0.063)	0.112	-0.006 (-0.017, 0.005)	0.252	-0.004 (-0.006, -0.001)	0.002	0.001 (-0.000, 0.002)	0.177
	Activity opportunity	-0.452 (-0.761, -0.143)	0.004	-0.013 (-0.023, -0.003)	0.014	-0.003 (-0.005, -0.000)	0.017	0.001 (-0.000, 0.002)	0.098
	Physical activity ability	-0.608 (-0.920, -0.295)	< 0.001	-0.014 (-0.024, -0.004)	0.008	-0.004 (-0.007, -0.002)	< 0.001	0.002 (0.001, 0.003)	0.098
	Learning ability and attitude	-0.391 (-0.721, -0.061)	0.020	-0.010 (-0.021, 0.001)	0.075	-0.002 (-0.004, 0.000)	0.109	0.002 (0.001, 0.003)	0.002
	Attitude towards doing homework	-0.684 (-1.05, -0.319)	<0.001	-0.018 (-0.030, -0.006)	0.003	-0.005 (-0.008, -0.003)	< 0.001	0.002 (0.000, 0.003)	0.033
	Living convenience	-0.469 (-0.905, -0.034)	0.035	-0.016 (-0.030, -0.001)	0.030	-0.003 (-0.005, 0.000)	0.093	0.001 (-0.001, 0.003)	0.311
Model 2 (domains of QoL)	Self-satisfaction	-0.352 (-0.641, -0.063)	0.017	-0.009 (-0.019, 0.000)	0.054	-0.003 (-0.005, -0.001)	0.006	0.001 (-0.001, 0.002)	0.330
	Relationship of teacher and pupil	-0.327 (-0.646, -0.007)	0.045	-0.008 (-0.019, 0.002)	0.127	-0.003 (-0.006, -0.001)	0.003	0.001 (-0.000, 0.002)	0.203
	Activity opportunity	-0.421 (-0.719, -0.123)	0.006	-0.012 (-0.022, -0.002)	0.018	-0.003 (-0.005, -0.001)	0.011	0.001 (0.000, 0.003)	0.027
	Physical activity ability	-0.394 (-0.696, -0.091)	0.011	-0.008 (-0.018, 0.002)	0.113	-0.003 (-0.005, -0.001)	0.005	0.001 (-0.000, 0.002)	0.192
	Learning ability and attitude	-0.442 (-0.758, -0.126)	0.006	-0.011 (-0.021, -0.000)	0.046	-0.001 (-0.004, 0.001)	0.190	0.002 (0.001, 0.004)	0.001
	Attitude towards doing homework	-0.720 (-1.07, -0.373)	< 0.001	-0.019 (-0.031, -0.008)	0.001	-0.005 (-0.008, -0.003)	< 0.001	0.002 (0.001, 0.004)	0.005
	Living convenience	-0.413 (-0.825, -0.001)	0.049	-0.014 (-0.028, -0.000)	0.043	-0.002 (-0.005, 0.001)	0.127	0.001 (-0.001, 0.003)	0.186

Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, vegetable intaking, red meat intaking, salt intake, sleeping quality, father's education, mother's education, household income, urban-rural areas, maternal increased weight during pregnancy, and maternal obesity. FI: Fasting insulin; IR: Insulin resistance; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; QoL: Quality of life.

Table 3 Effect of four factors of quality of life on glycolipid metabolism disorder

Variable		FI		IR		TG		HDL
		β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value
Model 1 (four factors of QoL)	Physical and mental health factor	-0.222 (-0.547, 0.104)	0.181	-0.005 (-0.016, 0.006)	0.364	-0.003 (-0.005, -0.000)	0.017	0.001 (-0.000, 0.003)	0.064
	Psychosocial factor	-0.835 (-1.390, -0.278)	0.003	-0.021 (-0.039, -0.002)	0.026	-0.006 (-0.010, -0.002)	0.002	0.002 (-0.000, 0.005)	0.052
	Living environment factor	-0.821 (-1.610, -0.036)	0.040	-0.014 (-0.039, 0.012)	0.298	-0.007 (-0.012, -0.002)	0.012	0.004 (0.001, 0.008)	0.008
	Quality of life satisfaction factor	-0.848 (-1.610, -0.082)	0.030	-0.023 (-0.048, 0.002)	0.074	-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)	0.031	0.001 (-0.002, 0.004)	0.507
	Total score of QoL	-0.440 (-0.710, -0.169)	0.002	-0.012 (-0.020, -0.003)	0.011	-0.004 (-0.006, -0.002)	< 0.001	0.001 (0.000, 0.002)	0.040
Model 2 (four factors of QoL)	Physical and mental health factor	-0.272 (-0.588, 0.044)	0.092	-0.006 (-0.017, 0.004)	0.229	-0.002 (-0.005, -0.000)	0.039	0.001 (-0.000, 0.002)	0.122
	Psychosocial factor	-0.906 (-1.450, -0.367)	0.001	-0.023 (-0.041, -0.005)	0.011	-0.007 (-0.010, -0.003)	0.001	0.003 (0.001, 0.005)	0.008
	Living environment factor	-0.916 (-1.690, -0.143)	0.020	-0.018 (-0.044, 0.008)	0.172	-0.005 (-0.011, 0.000)	0.067	0.003 (-0.001, 0.006)	0.126
	Quality of life satisfaction factor	-0.965 (-1.710, -0.217)	0.012	-0.027 (-0.052, -0.002)	0.035	-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)	0.027	0.002 (-0.001, 0.005)	0.239
	Total score of QoL	-0.441 (-0.705, -0.177)	0.001	-0.011 (-0.020, -0.003)	0.010	-0.004 (-0.006, -0.002)	0.001	0.001 (0.000, 0.002)	0.021

Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, vegetable intaking, red meat intaking, salt intake, sleeping quality, father's education, mother's education, household income, urban-rural areas, maternal increased weight during pregnancy, and maternal obesity. FI: Fasting insulin; IR: Insulin resistance; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; QoL: Quality of life.

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of dimensions of quality of life and glycolipid metabolism disorder

Variable		Dyslipidemia		IR > 3		Increased FBG
		OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Total
Model 1 (domains of QoL)	Self-satisfaction	0.994 (0.984, 1.003)	0.177	0.987 (0.978, 0.997)	0.009	1.009 (0.991, 1.027)	0.344
	Relationship of teacher and pupil	0.991 (0.981, 1.002)	0.095	0.987 (0.977, 0.998)	0.025	1.012 (0.991, 1.032)	0.264
	Activity opportunity	0.989 (0.980, 0.999)	0.031	0.988 (0.978, 0.998)	0.023	1.006 (0.988, 1.025)	0.527
	Physical activity ability	0.988 (0.978, 0.998)	0.020	0.981 (0.971, 0.992)	0.001	1.013 (0.994, 1.031)	0.184
	Learning ability and attitude	0.990 (0.979, 1.000)	0.057	0.989 (0.978, 1.000)	0.047	1.003 (0.984, 1.023)	0.736
	Attitude towards doing homework	0.984 (0.972, 0.995)	0.004	0.986 (0.974, 0.998)	0.026	0.978 (0.959, 0.997)	0.022
	Living convenience	0.997(0.984,1.011)	0.712	0.990(0.976,1.004)	0.158	0.993(0.970,1.018)	0.587
Model 2 (domains of QoL)	Self-satisfaction	0.993 (0.984, 1.003)	0.183	0.986 (0.975, 0.996)	0.007	1.008 (0.989, 1.026)	0.408
	Relationship of teacher and pupil	0.992 (0.981, 1.003)	0.154	0.984 (0.972, 0.996)	0.008	1.007 (0.987, 1.029)	0.480
	Activity opportunity	0.988 (0.978, 0.998)	0.017	0.986 (0.975, 0.997)	0.016	1.007 (0.988, 1.026)	0.497
	Physical activity ability	0.994 (0.984, 1.005)	0.268	0.985 (0.973, 0.997)	0.012	1.013 (0.994, 1.033)	0.184
	Learning ability and attitude	0.990 (0.979, 1.001)	0.072	0.986 (0.974, 0.998)	0.018	1.003 (0.983, 1.023)	0.770
	Attitude towards doing homework	0.982 (0.970, 0.994)	0.003	0.983 (0.971, 0.996)	0.012	0.978 (0.958, 0.997)	0.024
	Living convenience	0.997 (0.983, 1.011)	0.685	0.990 (0.975, 1.005)	0.195	0.996 (0.972, 1.021)	0.765
Male
Model 1 (domains of QoL)	Self-satisfaction	0.996 (0.983, 1.009)	0.538	0.990 (0.977, 1.004)	0.173	1.001 (0.980, 1.023)	0.927
	Relationship of teacher and pupil	0.998 (0.983, 1.012)	0.759	0.994 (0.978, 1.009)	0.414	1.003 (0.979, 1.027)	0.836
	Activity opportunity	0.995 (0.981, 1.009)	0.478	0.993 (0.978, 1.008)	0.370	0.999 (0.977, 1.022)	0.942
	Physical activity ability	0.993 (0.980, 1.007)	0.341	0.984 (0.970, 0.999)	0.037	1.006 (0.984, 1.028)	0.623
	Learning ability and attitude	0.996 (0.981, 1.011)	0.597	0.999 (0.983, 1.016)	0.915	0.992 (0.969, 1.016)	0.503
	Attitude towards doing homework	0.983 (0.968, 0.998)	0.031	0.996 (0.979, 1.013)	0.636	0.980 (0.957, 1.004)	0.102
	Living convenience	1.008 (0.988, 1.027)	0.444	0.988 (0.968, 1.008)	0.229	0.982 (0.955, 1.010)	0.211
Model 2 (domains of QoL)	Self-satisfaction	0.996 (0.982, 1.010)	0.570	0.991 (0.976, 1.006)	0.241	1.003 (0.981, 1.026)	0.766
	Relationship of teacher and pupil	0.999 (0.984, 1.014)	0.888	0.991 (0.975, 1.008)	0.313	1.000 (0.976, 1.025)	0.982
	Activity opportunity	0.993 (0.978, 1.008)	0.365	0.992 (0.976, 1.008)	0.332	1.004 (0.981, 1.027)	0.762
	Physical activity ability	1.002 (0.988, 1.017)	0.745	0.991 (0.975, 1.007)	0.282	1.009 (0.986, 1.033)	0.438
	Learning ability and attitude	0.996 (0.981, 1.012)	0.645	0.998 (0.980, 1.015)	0.793	0.994 (0.970, 1.018)	0.604
	Attitude towards doing homework	0.980 (0.964, 0.996)	0.017	0.996 (0.977, 1.014)	0.650	0.983 (0.959, 1.008)	0.180
	Living convenience	1.013 (0.992, 1.034)	0.222	0.994 (0.973, 1.016)	0.603	0.987 (0.958, 1.016)	0.363
Female
Model 1 (domains of QoL)	Self-satisfaction	0.991 (0.978, 1.004)	0.195	0.985 (0.972, 0.998)	0.022	1.024 (0.992, 1.056)	0.146
	Relationship of teacher and pupil	0.983 (0.968, 0.999)	0.035	0.980 (0.965, 0.996)	0.012	1.029 (0.991, 1.068)	0.139
	Activity opportunity	0.984 (0.971, 0.998)	0.021	0.984 (0.970, 0.998)	0.021	1.017 (0.986, 1.050)	0.292
	Physical activity ability	0.982 (0.967, 0.997)	0.016	0.977 (0.962, 0.993)	0.004	1.025 (0.993, 1.058)	0.133
	Learning ability and attitude	0.984 (0.969, 0.999)	0.032	0.980 (0.965, 0.995)	0.009	1.023 (0.991, 1.057)	0.164
	Attitude towards doing homework	0.984 (0.968, 1.001)	0.062	0.977 (0.960, 0.994)	0.007	0.972 (0.942, 1.004)	0.084
	Living convenience	0.986 (0.967, 1.006)	0.174	0.991 (0.971, 1.012)	0.387	1.018 (0.972, 1.067)	0.448
Model 2 (domains of QoL)	Self-satisfaction	0.991 (0.978, 1.005)	0.230	0.981 (0.966, 0.996)	0.011	1.014 (0.981, 1.049)	0.404
	Relationship of teacher and pupil	0.985 (0.969, 1.001)	0.060	0.975 (0.958, 0.992)	0.005	1.017 (0.977, 1.058)	0.420
	Activity opportunity	0.984 (0.970, 0.998)	0.026	0.982 (0.967, 0.997)	0.022	1.009 (0.977, 1.043)	0.573
	Physical activity ability	0.986 (0.971, 1.002)	0.097	0.976 (0.959, 0.994)	0.007	1.019 (0.983, 1.056)	0.307
	Learning ability and attitude	0.984 (0.969, 1.000)	0.046	0.974 (0.958, 0.991)	0.003	1.016 (0.982, 1.051)	0.362
	Attitude towards doing homework	0.983 (0.966, 1.000)	0.052	0.972 (0.954, 0.991)	0.003	0.965 (0.934, 0.997)	0.031
	Living convenience	0.983 (0.963, 1.004)	0.106	0.984 (0.963, 1.007)	0.167	1.013 (0.964, 1.064)	0.613

Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, vegetable intaking, red meat intaking, salt intake, sleeping quality, father's education, mother's education, household income, urban-rural areas, maternal increased weight during pregnancy, and maternal obesity. IR: Insulin resistance; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; QoL: Quality of life.

Table 5 Logistic regression analysis of four factors of quality of life and glycolipid metabolism disorder

Variables		Dyslipidemia		IR		Increased FBG
		OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Total
Model 1 (four factors of QoL)	Physical and mental health factor	0.992 (0.982, 1.002)	0.120	0.991 (0.980, 1.002)	0.113	1.020 (1.000, 1.041)	0.049
	Psychosocial factor	0.976 (0.959, 0.994)	0.008	0.980 (0.962, 0.998)	0.034	0.995 (0.964, 1.027)	0.767
	Living environment factor	0.977 (0.952, 1.001)	0.065	0.979 (0.954, 1.006)	0.121	1.077 (1.026, 1.130)	0.003
	Quality of life satisfaction factor	0.992 (0.968, 1.017)	0.531	0.972 (0.948, 0.997)	0.028	1.033 (0.986, 1.082)	0.168
	Total score of QoL	0.990 (0.982, 0.999)	0.025	0.988 (0.979, 0.997)	0.007	1.009 (0.993, 1.025)	0.267
Model 2 (four factors of QoL)	Physical and mental health factor	0.994 (0.983, 1.005)	0.296	0.988 (0.976, 1.000)	0.047	1.015 (0.994, 1.036)	0.154
	Psychosocial factor	0.973 (0.953, 0.993)	0.010	0.973 (0.953, 0.993)	0.010	0.992 (0.960, 1.025)	0.620
	Living environment factor	0.988 (0.962, 1.015)	0.387	0.971 (0.942, 1.000)	0.053	1.060 (1.008, 1.115)	0.024
	Quality of life satisfaction factor	0.992 (0.966, 1.017)	0.520	0.961 (0.934, 0.988)	0.005	1.024 (0.977, 1.074)	0.320
	Total score of QoL	0.991 (0.982, 1.000)	0.043	0.985 (0.976, 0.995)	0.004	1.009 (0.992, 1.026)	0.317
Male
Model 1 (four factors of QoL)	Physical and mental health factor	0.999 (0.985, 1.014)	0.899	0.999 (0.983, 1.015)	0.913	1.016 (0.992, 1.042)	0.196
	Psychosocial factor	0.981 (0.957, 1.005)	0.124	0.998 (0.972, 1.025)	0.889	0.982 (0.945, 1.021)	0.355
	Living environment factor	1.001 (0.966, 1.038)	0.935	0.987 (0.950, 1.026)	0.514	1.060 (0.998, 1.125)	0.057
	Quality of life satisfaction factor	1.002 (0.968, 1.037)	0.916	0.986 (0.950, 1.023)	0.459	1.018 (0.962, 1.077)	0.537
	Total score of QoL	0.995 (0.983, 1.008)	0.470	0.995 (0.982, 1.009)	0.482	1.003 (0.983, 1.023)	0.799
Model 2 (four factors of QoL)	Physical and mental health factor	1.002 (0.986, 1.017)	0.824	0.999 (0.982, 1.016)	0.895	1.013 (0.988, 1.039)	0.301
	Psychosocial factor	0.994 (0.965, 1.024)	0.686	0.994 (0.965, 1.024)	0.686	0.983 (0.945, 1.024)	0.414
	Living environment factor	1.021 (0.982, 1.062)	0.299	0.989 (0.947, 1.033)	0.633	1.047 (0.983, 1.114)	0.154
	Quality of life satisfaction factor	1.001 (0.964, 1.039)	0.969	0.982 (0.943, 1.022)	0.374	1.016 (0.959, 1.077)	0.580
	Total score of QoL	0.997 (0.984, 1.010)	0.645	0.996 (0.982, 1.011)	0.601	1.005 (0.984, 1.026)	0.631
Female
Model 1 (four factors of QoL)	Physical and mental health factor	0.984 (0.970, 0.999)	0.037	0.983 (0.968, 0.998)	0.026	1.025 (0.990, 1.061)	0.160
	Psychosocial factor	0.971 (0.946, 0.996)	0.024	0.962 (0.936, 0.988)	0.004	1.020 (0.965, 1.079)	0.477
	Living environment factor	0.952 (0.919, 0.987)	0.008	0.970 (0.935, 1.006)	0.105	1.102 (1.016, 1.195)	0.019
	Quality of life satisfaction factor	0.983 (0.950, 1.017)	0.329	0.958 (0.925, 0.992)	0.016	1.056 (0.976, 1.143)	0.173
	Total score of QoL	0.985 (0.973, 0.997)	0.014	0.980 (0.968, 0.993)	0.002	1.020 (0.992, 1.049)	0.156
Model 2 (four factors of QoL)	Physical and mental health factor	0.987 (0.971, 1.003)	0.103	0.976 (0.960, 0.993)	0.007	1.011 (0.974, 1.049)	0.565
	Psychosocial factor	0.956 (0.929, 0.984)	0.003	0.956 (0.929, 0.984)	0.003	1.006 (0.950, 1.065)	0.846
	Living environment factor	0.962 (0.925, 1.000)	0.048	0.951 (0.912, 0.992)	0.019	1.072 (0.982, 1.171)	0.120
	Quality of life satisfaction factor	0.984 (0.948, 1.021)	0.393	0.941 (0.905, 0.978)	0.002	1.025 (0.942, 1.115)	0.568
	Total score of QoL	0.985 (0.972, 0.998)	0.024	0.975 (0.961, 0.989)	0.001	1.012 (0.982, 1.043)	0.445

Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex. >Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, vegetable intaking, red meat intaking, salt intake, sleeping quality, father's education, mother's education, household income, urban-rural areas, maternal increased weight during pregnancy, and maternal obesity. IR: Insulin resistance; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; QoL: Quality of life.