Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asians: A meta-epidemiological study of population-based cohort studies

Table 1 Summary relative risk and its 95% confidence intervals

Group		Summary relative risk (95% confidence intervals) [I-squared %]
All		0.73 (0.66-0.82) [0.0]
Sex	Men	0.76 (0.65-0.89) [0.0]
	Women	0.73 (0.59-0.90) [13.8]
Level of adjusting1 tobacco smoking	High	0.72 (0.58-0.90) [21.0]
	Low	0.73 (0.63-0.84) [0.0]
Level of adjusting1 alcohol drinking	High	0.72 (0.60-0.87) [0.0]
	Low	0.72 (0.60-0.87) [34.0]
Adjusting family history	Yes	0.72 (0.58-0.90) [21.0]
	No	0.73 (0.63-0.84) [0.0]

¹High: Adjusted for intensity as well as status; Low: Adjusted for only status.

Table 2 Dose-response meta-analysis by the intaking unit (cup per day)

	Relative risk (95% confidence interval)	P value of heterogeneity	P value of non-linearity
All	0.92 (0.90-0.95)	0.42	0.31
Men	0.95 (0.91-0.98)	0.72	0.08
Women	0.89 (0.85-0.94)	0.40	0.56