Chen LY, Xia MF, Wu L, Li Q, Hu Y, Ma H, Gao X, Lin HD. Skeletal muscle loss is associated with diabetes in middle-aged and older Chinese men without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Diabetes 2021; 12(12): 2119-2129 [PMID: 35047125 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i12.2119]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Huan-Dong Lin, MD, Associate Professor, Chief Doctor, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China. linhuandong_endo@163.com
Research Domain of This Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Article-Type of This Article
Observational Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Table 2 Spearman analysis of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (%) and other clinical parameters
ASM%
Male (r, P value)
Female (r, P value)
Age (years)
-0.317, < 0.001
-0.164, < 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
-0.347, < 0.001
-0.441, < 0.001
WC (cm)
-0.452, < 0.001
-0.448, < 0.001
FM (kg)
-0.605, < 0.001
-0.590, < 0.001
FM (%)
-0.792, < 0.001
-0.799, < 0.001
FBG (mmol/L)
-0.177, < 0.001
-0.106, < 0.001
2hBG (mmol/L)
-0.254, < 0.001
-0.201,< 0.001
HOMA-IR
-0.385, < 0.001
-0.264, < 0.001
TG (mmol/L)
-0.198, < 0.001
-0.193, < 0.001
TC (mmol/L)
-0.049, 0.071
-0.087, < 0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
0.213, < 0.001
0.162, < 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)
-0.075, 0.006
-0.119, < 0.001
SBP (mm Hg)
-0.244, < 0.001
-0.192, < 0.001
DBP (mm Hg)
-0.075, 0.006
-0.139, < 0.001
LFC (%)
-0.149, < 0.001
-0.113, < 0.001
Table 3 Multivariate-adjusted associations of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (%) quartiles with diabetes mellitus
Male
Female
OR (95%CI, P value)
OR (95%CI, P value)
Unadjusted
0.665
0.775
(0.592-0.746, < 0.001)
(0.710-0.847, < 0.001)
Model 1
0.527
0.505
(0.336-0.826, 0.005)
(0.342-0.745, 0.001)
Model 2
0.640
0.728
(0.401-1.020, 0.051)
(0.481-1.101, 0.133)
Model 3
0.537
0.985
(0.312-0.923, 0.024)
(0.614-1.580, 0.950)
Table 4 Multivariate-adjusted associations of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (%) quartiles with diabetes mellitus in participants with or without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Male
Female
OR (95%CI, P value)
OR (95%CI, P value)
Non-NAFLD (n = 2658)
Unadjusted
0.635
0.770
(0.548-0.736, < 0.001)
(0.682-0.870, < 0.001)
Model 1
0.403
0.581
(0.221-0.735, 0.003)
(0.344-0.981, 0.042)
Model 2
0.455
0.807
(0.246-0.842, 0.012)
(0.463-1.409, 0.452)
Model 3
0.330
0.800
(0.157-0.694, 0.003)
(0.416-1.537, 0.503)
NAFLD (n = 1311)
Unadjusted
0.789
0.845
(0.650-0.956, 0.016)
(0.739-0.966, 0.014)
Model 1
1.259
0.508
(0.542-2.924, 0.592)
(0.265-0.975, 0.042)
Model 2
1.954
0.710
(0.788-4.851, 0.148)
(0.355-1.418, 0.332)
Model 3
1.328
1.106
(0.435-4.055, 0.619)
(0.485-2.523, 0.810)
Table 5 Multivariate-adjusted associations of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (%) quartiles with diabetes mellitus in participants with different liver fat content, n (%)
LFC
DM
OR (95%CI, P value)
OR (95%CI, P value)
Male
Unadjusted
After adjusted
Q1 (n = 389)
82 (21.1)
0.635 (0.504-0.799, < 0.001)
0.308 (0.102-0.932, 0.032)
Q2 (n = 350)
66 (18.8)
0.540 (0.416-0.700, < 0.001)
0.184 (0.049-0.685, 0.012)
Q3 (n = 306)
74 (24.2)
0.760 (0.599-0.963, 0.023)
0.678 (0.158-2.908, 0.601)
Q4(n = 325)
116 (35.7)
0.830 (0.665-1.035, 0.099)
1.561 (0.440-5.539, 0.491)
Female
Q1 (n = 605)
84 (13.9)
0.828 (0.672-1.021, 0.077)
0.964 (0.311-2.990, 0.949)
Q2 (n = 642)
92 (14.3)
0.745 (0.609-0.913, 0.004)
0.517 (0.170-1.578, 0.247)
Q3 (n = 685)
118 (17.2)
0.739 (0.615-1.887, 0.091)
0.750 (0.274-2.048, 0.574)
Q4 (n = 667)
210 (31.5)
0.871 (0.750-1.011, 0.070)
1.122 (0.445-2.830, 0.808)
Citation: Chen LY, Xia MF, Wu L, Li Q, Hu Y, Ma H, Gao X, Lin HD. Skeletal muscle loss is associated with diabetes in middle-aged and older Chinese men without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Diabetes 2021; 12(12): 2119-2129