Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Diabetes. Apr 15, 2023; 14(4): 352-363
Published online Apr 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.352
Figure 1
Figure 1 Insulin signaling pathway and inflammation and oxidative stress in insulin resistance. IRS-1: Insulin receptor substrate-1; PI3K: Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K); PIP3: Phosphatidylinositol-triphosphate; PKB/Akt: Protein kinase B/Akt pathway; GLUT4: Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4): FFA: Free fatty acids; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alfa; IL-6: Interleukin-6; SOSC-3: Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 pathway; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; JNK1: C-Jun N-terminal kinase 1; Nrf2: Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2.