Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 Flow chart of patient recruitment. Non-HDL-C: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Figure 2 Comparison of thyroid-associated variables in different non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level groups. Data were analyzed by Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. A: Free triiodothyronine (FT3); B: Free thyrotropin (FT4); C: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); D: FT3/FT4; E: TSH index; F: Thyrotrophic T4 resistance index; G: Thyroid feedback quantile-based index. Non-HDL-C: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FT3: Free triiodothyronine; FT4: Free thyrotropin; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSHI: Thyroid-stimulating hormone index; TT4RI: Thyrotrophic T4 resistance index; TFQI: Thyroid feedback quantile-based index.

Figure 3 Feature importance of Shapley Additive Explanations values for the random forest model in detecting hyper-non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A: Variables with the most significant impact on the prediction of hyper-non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hyper-non-HDL-C) ranked in order of importance; B: Distribution of the influence of each variable on the prediction of hyper-non-HDL-C. The numerical characteristics of the variables are visually represented by colors, with larger values shown in red and smaller values shown in blue. Negative Shapley Additive Explanations values (spread to the left) suggest a decrease in the probability of hyper-non-HDL-C, whereas positive values (spread to the right) suggest an increase in probability. SHAP: Shapley Additive Explanations; FT3: Free triiodothyronine; FT4: Free thyrotropin; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSHI: Thyroid-stimulating hormone index; TT4RI: Thyrotrophic T4 resistance index; TFQI: Thyroid feedback quantile-based index; Hyper-non-HDL-C: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Figure 4 Feature importance of Shapley Additive Explanations values for the random forest model in detecting hyper-non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for men and women. A: The influence of each variable on the prediction of hyper-non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hyper-non-HDL-C) in men; B: The influence of each variable on the prediction of hyper-non-HDL-C in women. The numerical characteristics of the variables are visually represented by colors, with larger values shown in red and smaller values shown in blue. Negative Shapley Additive Explanations values (spread to the left) suggest a decrease in the probability of hyper-non-HDL-C, whereas positive values (spread to the right) suggest an increase in the probability. SHAP: Shapley Additive Explanations; FT3: Free triiodothyronine; FT4: Free thyrotropin; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSHI: Thyroid-stimulating hormone index; TT4RI: Thyrotrophic T4 resistance index; TFQI: Thyroid feedback quantile-based index.