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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jun 10, 2015; 6(5): 715-725
Published online Jun 10, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i5.715
Recent progress in the genetics of diabetic microvascular complications
Yi-Cheng Chang, Emily Yun-Chia Chang, Lee-Ming Chuang
Yi-Cheng Chang, Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
Yi-Cheng Chang, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, HsinChu branch, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
Yi-Cheng Chang, Lee-Ming Chuang, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
Emily Yun-Chia Chang, Lee-Ming Chuang, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
Lee-Ming Chuang, Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
Author contributions: Chang YC and Chang EYC drafted the manuscript and drew figures; Chuang LM conceived the outlines and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest: None.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Lee-Ming Chuang, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chung Shan S. Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan. leeming@ntu.edu.tw
Telephone: +886-2-23123456 Fax: +886-2-23938859
Received: September 9, 2014
Peer-review started: September 9, 2014
First decision: December 17, 2014
Revised: March 2, 2015
Accepted: March 16, 2015
Article in press: March 18, 2015
Published online: June 10, 2015
Processing time: 283 Days and 3.6 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: Most risk genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for diabetic nephropathy could not be replicated by independent studies with a few exceptions including those in ELMO1, FRMD3, CARS, MYO16/IRS2, and APOL3-MYH9 genes. These findings highlighted the importance of cytoskeleton reorganization, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, fibroblast migration, insulin signaling, and epithelial clonal expansion in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Conclusive results from GWAS for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy are currently lacking.