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World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2025; 16(8): 109231
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.109231
Role of alternative oral therapy for the management of wet age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Shweta Walia, Arvind Kumar Morya, Srishti Khullar, Sarita Aggarwal, Rajwinder Kaur
Shweta Walia, Department of Ophthalmology, MGM Medical College, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
Arvind Kumar Morya, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
Srishti Khullar, Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital, Agra 282001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sarita Aggarwal, Department of Ophthalmology, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad 201009, Uttar Pradesh, India
Rajwinder Kaur, Department of Ophthalmology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India
Author contributions: Morya AK conceptualized the research; Walia S searched various search engines; Walia S, Morya AK, and Khullar S wrote the manuscript; Walia S, Morya AK, Aggarwal S, and Kaur R edited the manuscript; Walia S and Morya AK prepared all the documents; and Morya AK submitted the final edited manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest associated with any of the senior authors or other coauthors who contributed their efforts to this manuscript.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Arvind Kumar Morya, MD, Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibi Nagar, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India. bulbul.morya@gmail.com
Received: May 6, 2025
Revised: May 20, 2025
Accepted: July 18, 2025
Published online: August 15, 2025
Processing time: 103 Days and 0.2 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections are effective for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and wet age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), but patient compliance and healthcare strain limit their utility. This review explores the role of oral drugs such as fenofibrate, candesartan, and vorolanib in the management of PDR and wet ARMD. These agents offer ease of administration and may serve as adjuncts or substitutes for injection-averse patients. Further multicenter randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm long-term safety and efficacy.