Prospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2025; 16(8): 106683
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.106683
Persistently high and fluctuating trajectories of total and somatic depressive symptoms increase diabetes risk: Two prospective cohort studies
Xue-Lun Zou, Chang Zhou
Xue-Lun Zou, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
Chang Zhou, Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
Author contributions: Zou XL and Zhou C designed the research and the manuscript structure, chose the references, participated in the writing, and contributed to the statistical analysis; Zhou C contributed to revision and completing the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final draft of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The health and retirement study cohort received approval from the Institute for Social Research and the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan, while the ELSA cohort was approved by the London Multicentre Research Ethics Committee.
Informed consent statement: All participants provided written informed consent, either personally or through a legal guardian.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Data sharing statement: The original contributions presented in the study are included in the manuscript. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Chang Zhou, PhD, Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Street, Yuelu District, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China. csuzhouchang@163.com
Received: March 5, 2025
Revised: April 20, 2025
Accepted: June 26, 2025
Published online: August 15, 2025
Processing time: 163 Days and 6.1 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Overall and somatic depressive symptoms increased the risk of developing diabetes, while cognitive-affective depressive symptoms did not. Furthermore, persistently high and fluctuating trajectories of overall and somatic depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of diabetes, whereas trajectories of cognitive-affective depressive symptoms were not.