Editorial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Apr 15, 2025; 16(4): 102390
Published online Apr 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i4.102390
Antidiabetic combination therapy and cardiovascular outcomes: An evidence-based approach
Vanishri Ganakumar, Cornelius J Fernandez, Joseph M Pappachan
Vanishri Ganakumar, Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi 590010, India
Cornelius J Fernandez, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston PE21 9QS, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
Joseph M Pappachan, Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
Joseph M Pappachan, Department of Endocrinology, KMC Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
Author contributions: Ganakumar V and Fernandez CJ contributed to the initial drafting of the work by performing the literature search and interpretation of relevant literature and share the first authorship; Fernandez CJ also prepared the figures for the manuscript and contributed substantially in addition to the revision process; Pappachan JM conceptualized the idea and provided overall supervision to the drafting process and figure preparation; All authors contributed to the revision of the article for important intellectual content, and all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Joseph M Pappachan, MD, FRCP, Professor, Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Lower Ormond Street, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom. drpappachan@yahoo.co.in
Received: October 16, 2024
Revised: January 8, 2025
Accepted: January 16, 2025
Published online: April 15, 2025
Processing time: 135 Days and 4.8 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are important antihyperglycemic medications with cardiovascular (CV) benefits in the form of CV superiority or neutrality, and positive effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. The divergent clinical benefits include significant reductions in hospitalization for heart failure (HF) with SGLT2i, and ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) with GLP1RA. Zhu et al, in a recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes, suggest combination therapy with GLP1RA/SGLT2i vs monotherapy with either agent for additional improvement in CV death and recurrent MI, especially in the setting of prior MI or HF.