Editorial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2025; 16(1): 99496
Published online Jan 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i1.99496
Current perspectives and the future of disease-modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes
Sunetra Mondal, Joseph M Pappachan
Sunetra Mondal, Department of Endocrinology, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 700014, West Bengal, India
Joseph M Pappachan, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
Joseph M Pappachan, Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
Joseph M Pappachan, Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, India
Author contributions: Mondal S contributed to the initial drafting of the work by performing the literature search and interpretation of relevant literature; Mondal S also initially prepared the figures for the manuscript and contributed substantially in addition to the revision process; Pappachan JM conceptualized the idea and provided overall supervision to the drafting process and figure preparation; both the authors contributed to the revision of the article for important intellectual content and have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Joseph M Pappachan, MD, FRCP, Academic Editor, Consultant Endocrinologist, Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom. drpappachan@yahoo.co.in
Received: July 23, 2024
Revised: October 11, 2024
Accepted: November 4, 2024
Published online: January 15, 2025
Processing time: 129 Days and 9.8 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Teplizumab is an anti-CD3 immunomodulator that can render the T cell anergic to its target antigen and thus protect against autoimmune beta cell destruction. It is approved for use in individuals aged above 8 years in early pre-clinical stages of type 1 diabetes mellitus to prevent progression to clinical stage (stage 3). C-peptide decline is halted and the need for insulin therapy can be delayed even after discontinuation of this therapeutic molecule. Adverse effects are mostly mild. The high cost and lack of availability limit its applicability in low- and middle-income countries.